Notes Assignment #1 is due next Friday by 11:59 pm via Test #1 will be held Thursday February 18 at the start of class (one period long) Format: –Multiple Choice –Fill in Blanks –Short Answer

Agenda Recap of Sending Receiving attachments via Pine Working with Directories –Directory Definition –Creating Directories –Copying Files among directories –Display / Combine Files FTP application

Pine How to Receive Attachments Read message Press V to view attachments Select attachment file Press S to save file File will be saved on your home directory

Unix Mail Command It is difficult to edit a composed message in Unix mail. Make sure to check spelling of words BEFORE pressing ENTER to go to next line If you want to abort message, press

Directories The directory of a disk is an area where the names and locations of files are stored. Each storage device such as a hard disk has at least one directory which is called Root. Directories make it more efficient to store files under logical categories or locations.

Directories Inverted Tree Diagrams visualize directory structures Root ( / ) students msaul tmp Students is the parent directory of msaul

Making Directories Building directories is similar in approach to building a house Begins from a foundation (root) Need to build in proper order (add on addition to house in right location) Need to step-back and look at construction (ls, pwd)

Create a Directory tmp From Your Default Directory Questions: Where are we located? Where do we want to build directory? What command to use? How to confirm if directory is in right location?

Where are we located? Logon to Phobos account Issue command pwd to determine location (home directory)

Where do we want to build directory? Want to build a directory called tmp that branches-off of your home directory (msaul) We need to be in home directory (msaul) before issuing command to create the directory tmp.

What command to use? Type mkdir tmp at the Unix prompt, followed by ENTER

How to confirm if directory is in right location? Type ls -l at the Unix prompt or Type tree at the Unix prompt

Subdirectory A subdirectory is a directory that relates to its parent directory. Sub means “under” in latin and indicates that the directory branches off previous directory For example, tmp is a directory, but it is also a subdirectory of msaul

Directories Relative Directory Address –Directories relative to other directories –eg. cd../lab1 would mean to move back to parent directory and then to lab1 Absolute Directory Address –Full directory path –eg cd /home/msaul/lab1

Create a Directory tmp From Your Default Directory Root ( / ) (directory) home (subdirectory) msaul (subdirectory) tmp (subdirectory)

Copying / Moving / Renaming Files cp source.file destination.file mv (specify file pathnames) mv old.filename new.filename

Changing Directories cd directory cd directory path cd cd..(change to parent directory)

Other Unix Commands Find –Used to locate files within directories More –Used to view files (ability to see screen by screen) Touch –Used to create an empty file to be later editing using text editor such as nled

Redirection A method to redirect output from a printer or a screen display onto a file eg –find lab1 -print > lab_structure

Pipe A useful method to combine one or more Unix commands eg –ls -al | more –This displays full listing of files, but pauses when screen becomes full

Removing Directories Removing directories is reverse order of building directories Cannot remove directories containing files or other subdirectories Need to “step-back” to at least parent directory to remove empty directory Issue command rmdir

Create a Directory tmp From Your Default Directory Root ( / ) (directory) home (subdirectory) msaul (subdirectory) tmp (subdirectory)

FTP Application This application is used for transferring files among different computer systems. FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol The FTP application used at Seneca College is WS_FTP