Plankton.

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Presentation transcript:

Plankton

Phytoplankton Can’t move against currents (float or weakly move) • >40% of global primary productivity

Phytoplankton Classification From two kingdoms Monera (bacteria) Protista (algae) 3 divisions (Phyla) Cyanobacteria Chrysophyta Dinophyta

Cyanobacteria •Prokaryotic (No nucleus, few organelles) •Photosynthetic bacteria •Prokaryotic (No nucleus, few organelles) •Reproduce by cell fission •Nitrogen fixation: convert Nitrogen gas (N2) to nitrates or ammonia

Chrysophyta Most with hardened cell walls or internal skeletons: silica or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) •Some have flagella for motility

Coccolithophores – type of Chrysophyta Calcium CaCO3 plates •large numbers at surface •Prefer still, nutrient-poor H2O •Reflect sunlight: lower heat & UV light – counter global warming

Diatom – type of Chrysophyta Most abundant phytoplankton • Major oceanic primary producer • Cell walls (frustule) of silica (glass-like) • Live alone or in chains

Dinophyta Dinoflagellates •Most photosynthetic, few heterotrophic •Unicellular, 2 flagella: adjust vertically in water column (light, nutrients) •Rapid asexual cell division

Dinoflagellates Abundant in warm surface H2O (tropics) •Some symbiotic (zooxanthellae) –Live in coral, clams, urchins, anemones •Zooxan. give carbohydrates & receive nutrients & shelter

Dinoflagellates are Bioluminescent Organisms produce light by a chemical reaction

Why Do Dinos. Produce Light? Camouflage! •When it senses a predator (motion in H2O) •Which attracts larger predators that consumes the would-be Dino predator

Red Tides (Dinoflagellate Bloom) Mass development of dinoflagellates discolor water •Often caused by excess nutrients •Enter ocean from land (runoff) •Fertilizer, sewage

Red Tide Impacts: Toxic to marine life: accumulates in clams, mussels, scallops, fish, mammals •Death to some species, Human poisoning after consumption (30 min.) •Symptoms: •Paralytic: paralysis, asthma, heart attack (rare) •Neurotoxic: tingling, paralysis, memory loss •Diarrhetic: cramps, vomiting, diarrhea

Special Planktonic Adaptations Unique shapes –increase surface areas •Gas filled-vesicles Oils Hard shells

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