Curtis Dell USDA-ARS-PSWMRU University Park, PA

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Presentation transcript:

Curtis Dell USDA-ARS-PSWMRU University Park, PA Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Soils Receiving a Combination of Dairy Manure and Mineral Nitrogen Fertilizer Curtis Dell USDA-ARS-PSWMRU University Park, PA

Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Approximately 300 times more effective than CO2 as a greenhouse gas Agriculture is a significant contributor By-product of both nitrification (aerobic) and denitrification (anaerobic) Denitrification generally believed to be largest N2O source in soils, but rates vary greatly depending on soil aeration

Manure Management In NE US Large number of dairy, poultry, and swine facilities Limited land base for manure application Water quality problems resulting from excess P accumulations in soil Nutrient management planning required in several NE/Chesapeake Bay states

Nutrient Management In NE US Manure application in excess of plant P requirement discouraged/prohibited in many locations A larger land base for spreading or costly waste treatment required Combinations of manure and mineral N fertilizers used more frequently

Manure Applications and N2O Emissions Greater potential for N2O production when manure is fertilizer source because of addition of organic C Energy source for denitrifying bacteria Stimulates activity by general microbial population, depleting O2 supply Combinations of organic and mineral N fertilizers may have even greater potential for emissions Organic C from manure and readily available N from mineral fertilizer

Objectives Determine if N2O emissions from a corn field differ when N fertilizer is applied as NH4NO3, dairy manure,or a combination of the two.

Methods

N Source Treatments

N Source Treatments All mineral fertilizer 75 kg ha-1 N as NH4NO3: preplant-incorporated 75 kg ha-1 N as NH4NO3: side dress, surface 60 kg ha-1 mineral P: preplant, incorporated

N Source Treatments All mineral fertilizer 75 kg ha-1 N as NH4NO3: preplant-incorporated 75 kg ha-1 N as NH4NO3: side dress, surface 60 kg ha-1 mineral P: preplant, incorporated P-based manure (31 Mg ha-1) ~75 kg ha-1 N as manure: preplant, incorporated 75 kg ha-1 N as NH4NO3: side dress, surface ~60 kg ha-1 P as manure: preplant, incorporated

N Source Treatments ~150 kg ha-1 N as manure: preplant, incorporated All mineral fertilizer 75 kg ha-1 N as NH4NO3: preplant-incorporated 75 kg ha-1 N as NH4NO3: side dress, surface 60 kg ha-1 mineral P: preplant, incorporated P-based manure (31 Mg ha-1) ~75 kg ha-1 N as manure: preplant, incorporated ~60 kg ha-1 P as manure: preplant, incorporated N-based manure (62 Mg ha-1) ~150 kg ha-1 N as manure: preplant, incorporated ~120 kg ha-1 P as manure: preplant, incorporated

Vented chambers

Sampling and Analysis

Additional Measurements Gravimetric soil water content Soil inorganic N (2004 only)

Results

Rainfall Source: Penn State Univ. Dept. of Meteorology

Soil Water Content

Soil Nitrate: 2004

N2O Emissions: 2003

N2O Emissions: 2004

Estimated Seasonal N2O Emissions

Conclusions N2O emissions are potentially greater when all or part of the N was supplied by manure Application of only manure or a combination of manure and mineral N resulted in similar emissions

Implications Utilization of manures as a fertilizer source must be a accounted for in the estimation of N2O emissions from cropping systems. Application of manure to a larger land base, even at lower rates, has the potential to increase overall annual N2O emissions.

Acknowledgements Bill Priddy, MaryKay Krasinski, Dianna Sturrock, and Jessica Agnew for all their efforts in the field and lab