RACE RACE VALUES VALUES CULTURE CULTURE RELIGION RELIGION HERITAGE HERITAGE SEXUAL ORIENTATION SEXUAL ORIENTATION ETHNICITY ETHNICITY

RACE A local geographic or global human population, distinguished as a more or less distinct group by genetically transmitted physical characteristics A group of people united or classified together on the basis of common history, nationality, or geographic distribution

Henry Louis Gates Jr.

VALUES Values are the beliefs that dictate how we see and perceive the world Values are the beliefs that dictate how we see and perceive the world Values are learned through: Values are learned through: Family Family Friends Friends Church Church Peers Peers Television, Radio, Newspapers Television, Radio, Newspapers Teachers Teachers

CULTURE The knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors transmitted from one generation to the next The knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors transmitted from one generation to the next Is learned Is learned Defines for us what is right and wrong Defines for us what is right and wrong Defines the rules of behavior Defines the rules of behavior Influences and shapes our world view Influences and shapes our world view

CULTURE Customary beliefs of a racial, religious or social group Customary beliefs of a racial, religious or social group Social forms of a racial, religious or social group Social forms of a racial, religious or social group Material traits of a racial, religious or social group Material traits of a racial, religious or social group Culture is learned and transmitted by family Culture is learned and transmitted by family

CULTURE Culture is fluid - constantly changing yet remains constant Culture is fluid - constantly changing yet remains constant Culture is shared and effectively defines the boundaries of different groups Culture is shared and effectively defines the boundaries of different groups Culture becomes part of the unconscious so that the characteristics of the culture become innate Culture becomes part of the unconscious so that the characteristics of the culture become innate

CULTURE Because culture is internalized so that learned behavior becomes natural and unconscious, individuals may:

CULTURE Respond favorably to behavior that is as predictable as one’s own Respond favorably to behavior that is as predictable as one’s own(or) Respond unfavorably to behavior that is peculiar or different and which may be seen as irresponsible, psychopathic, inferior or a result of improper upbringing Respond unfavorably to behavior that is peculiar or different and which may be seen as irresponsible, psychopathic, inferior or a result of improper upbringing

AFRICA

RELIGION Within cultures, there may exist many different religions. Within cultures, there may exist many different religions. The values of religion will affect the perspective from which various sectors of a given society, race or population sees their environment and/or world view The values of religion will affect the perspective from which various sectors of a given society, race or population sees their environment and/or world view

HERITAGE The characteristics, culture and traditions handed down from one’s ancestors The characteristics, culture and traditions handed down from one’s ancestors

SEXUAL ORIENTATION This refers to a person’s sexual identification This refers to a person’s sexual identification A group of people involving all races and cultures A group of people involving all races and cultures

FOUR COMPONENTS OF SEXUALITY Biological Sex: A person’s biological state of maleness or femaleness determined at birth Biological Sex: A person’s biological state of maleness or femaleness determined at birth Gender Identity: One’s psychological sense of being male or female Gender Identity: One’s psychological sense of being male or female Sexual Orientation: A person’s emotional, physical and sexual attraction to individuals of a particular gender Sexual Orientation: A person’s emotional, physical and sexual attraction to individuals of a particular gender Social Sex Role: One’s adherence to cultural norms for feminine and masculine behavior Social Sex Role: One’s adherence to cultural norms for feminine and masculine behavior

ETHNICITY Defined: a group of people who share characteristics such as rituals, language, nationality, religion, in other words they share a common cultural heritage

Identity is a component of ethnicity and a frequent factor that influences law enforcement interaction with public Can include lack of understanding of the practices of a specific ethnic group that could lead to undue friction between law enforcement and the public Can include lack of understanding of the practices of a specific ethnic group that could lead to undue friction between law enforcement and the public Community ethnic diversity is becoming more common in general and in the ranks of law enforcement specifically Community ethnic diversity is becoming more common in general and in the ranks of law enforcement specifically Officers must be cognizant of ethnic differences and sensibilities of such when interacting with the public and law enforcement colleagues Officers must be cognizant of ethnic differences and sensibilities of such when interacting with the public and law enforcement colleagues Ethnic misconceptions, jokes, slurs, etc. can be very disruptive Ethnic misconceptions, jokes, slurs, etc. can be very disruptive

Takeshi Yoshihara U.S. Naval Academy Graduate, rose to the rank of Captain U.S. Naval Academy Graduate, rose to the rank of Captain Not a good candidate; no extra-curriculars Not a good candidate; no extra-curriculars Lived in a single room dwelling covered in tar paper, along with 7 siblings in Idaho Lived in a single room dwelling covered in tar paper, along with 7 siblings in Idaho Was prone to being sea sick and was nearly kicked out of the program Was prone to being sea sick and was nearly kicked out of the program Commander Joseph Taussig, USS Nevada Commander Joseph Taussig, USS Nevada Became the first Japanese-American graduate because he was honest Became the first Japanese-American graduate because he was honest

Japanese American Internment Camps 1942 over 110,000 Japanese Americans relocated to “War Relocation Camps” from the west coast over 110,000 Japanese Americans relocated to “War Relocation Camps” from the west coast. Only 1,800 of the over 150,000 from Hawaii were interned. Only 1,800 of the over 150,000 from Hawaii were interned. Of those interned 62% were American Citizens. About 80,000 were nisei. Of those interned 62% were American Citizens. About 80,000 were nisei. 1988, President Ronald Reagan signed legislation which apologized for the internment on behalf of the U.S. government. 1988, President Ronald Reagan signed legislation which apologized for the internment on behalf of the U.S. government.

1905, California's anti-miscegenation law outlawed marriages between Caucasians and “Mongolians” 1905, California's anti-miscegenation law outlawed marriages between Caucasians and “Mongolians” In October 1906, the San Francisco Board of Education separated the Japanese students from the Caucasian students. In October 1906, the San Francisco Board of Education separated the Japanese students from the Caucasian students "Oriental Exclusion Law," which blocked Japanese immigrants from attaining citizenship in California "Oriental Exclusion Law," which blocked Japanese immigrants from attaining citizenship in California.

Lieutenant General John L. DeWitt, who administered the internment program, repeatedly told newspapers that "A Jap's a Jap" and testified to Congress, I don't want any of them [persons of Japanese ancestry] here. They are a dangerous element.

There is no way to determine their loyalty... It makes no difference whether he is an American citizen, he is still a Japanese. American citizenship does not necessarily determine loyalty... But we must worry about the Japanese all the time until he is wiped off the map.

Austin E. Anson, managing AG secretary - "We're charged with wanting to get rid of the Japs for selfish reasons. We do. It's a question of whether the white man lives on the Pacific Coast or the brown men. They came into this valley to work, and they stayed to take over... If all the Japs were removed tomorrow, we had never miss them in two weeks, because the white farmers can take over and produce everything the Jap grows. And we do not want them back when the war ends, either.”

Los Angeles Times - "A viper is nonetheless a viper wherever the egg is hatched... So, a Japanese American born of Japanese parents, nurtured upon Japanese traditions, living in a transplanted Japanese atmosphere... notwithstanding his nominal brand of accidental citizenship almost inevitably and with the rarest exceptions grows up to be a Japanese, and not an American... while we are at war with their race. (cont.)

“Thus, while it might cause injustice to a few to treat them all as potential enemies, I cannot escape the conclusion... that such treatment... should be accorded to each and all of them while we are at war with their race."

Internment of Japanese Americans, who provided critical agricultural labor on the West Coast, created a labor shortage. Internment of Japanese Americans, who provided critical agricultural labor on the West Coast, created a labor shortage. Which was exacerbated by the induction of many American laborers into the Armed Forces. Which was exacerbated by the induction of many American laborers into the Armed Forces. This vacuum precipitated a mass immigration of Mexican workers known as the Bracero Program. This vacuum precipitated a mass immigration of Mexican workers known as the Bracero Program.

After the expiration of the initial agreement in 1947, the program was continued in agriculture under a variety of laws and administrative agreements until its formal end in After the expiration of the initial agreement in 1947, the program was continued in agriculture under a variety of laws and administrative agreements until its formal end in In the 1930s, during the Great Depression, over 500,000 Mexican Americans were deported or pressured to leave, during the Mexican Repatriation. In the 1930s, during the Great Depression, over 500,000 Mexican Americans were deported or pressured to leave, during the Mexican Repatriation.

442nd Regimental Combat Team Asian American unit composed of mostly Japanese Americans. Asian American unit composed of mostly Japanese Americans. The families of many of its soldiers were subject to internment. The families of many of its soldiers were subject to internment. Famously rescued the "Lost Battalion“- 800 casualties with 121 dead – to rescue 211. Famously rescued the "Lost Battalion“- 800 casualties with 121 dead – to rescue 211. Fought with uncommon distinction in Italy, southern France, and Germany. Fought with uncommon distinction in Italy, southern France, and Germany.

442nd Regimental Combat Team The unit became the most highly decorated regiment in the history of U.S. Armed Forces. The unit became the most highly decorated regiment in the history of U.S. Armed Forces. U.S. Army battle reports show the official casualty rate, combining KIA (killed) with MIA (missing) and WIA (wounded and removed from action) total was 93%. U.S. Army battle reports show the official casualty rate, combining KIA (killed) with MIA (missing) and WIA (wounded and removed from action) total was 93%.

“The Purple Heart Battalion” Members received 18,143 awards Members received 18,143 awards 9,486 Purple Hearts for 3,000 soldiers 9,486 Purple Hearts for 3,000 soldiers 7 Presidential Unit Citations (5 earned in one month) 7 Presidential Unit Citations (5 earned in one month) 52 Distinguished Service Crosses 52 Distinguished Service Crosses 560 Silver Stars with 28 second awards 560 Silver Stars with 28 second awards 22 Legion of Merits 22 Legion of Merits 15 Soldier’s Medals 15 Soldier’s Medals 4,000 Bronze Stars with 1,200 second awards 4,000 Bronze Stars with 1,200 second awards 21 Congressional Medals of Honor 21 Congressional Medals of Honor

President Harry Truman “You fought not only the enemy, but you fought prejudice – and you have won.”