New Borders and the Arab- Refugee Problem War of Independence  Naqba

Causes Nov The UN decision on Partition: –Jewish State –Jerusalem as international city under UN –Arab State Arabs against partition

Stages Stage One - Nov —May “Civil War” under the Mandate Begins with Arab attacks in Jerusalem War on roads all over Palestine USA retreats from Partition, for temporary UN Trusteeship May The British leave Palestine

Stage Two May —January May Declaration of the State of Israel Invasion of Arab military forces: Egypt Jordan Iraq Lebanon Syria Historic debates about the balance of powers Jan end of military actions April 1949 First Armistice Agreement-Jordan July 1949 Last Armistice Agreement - Syria

Territorial Outcomes Jewish State larger than designed No Palestinian state Territories designed for Palestinian state Annexed by: Israel Jordan – West Bank Egypt – Gaza Strip

Demographic Outcomes Before the war Total population 1947 – 2,000,000 Jewish 650,000 Arab1,350,000 Anticipated in Partition-Israel Jews in Israel(60%) 650,000 Arabs in Israel(40%) 450,000 Total 1,100,000 Arabs in the Palestinian state 900,000

Following the War ► Arab refugees700,000 ►  more than half of the Arab population  To Arab countries ► The Historic debate about the causes ► Remaining Arabs in Israel160,000  Rate of Arabs in Israel % ► December UN Resolution 194  The Right of Return