JEDI A Search for Charged-particle EDMs with Storage Rings Seminar Cracow 2012 JEDI A Search for Charged-particle EDMs with Storage Rings 27.11.2012 | Hans Ströher

JEDI – The srEDM Search at FZ Jülich Introduction  Precision physics Electric Dipole Moments (EDM)  TV, CPV Physics impact  Baryogenesis, BAU Charged particle EDMs  Storage Rings Steps towards realization  Precursor Outline of the talk

JEDI – The srEDM Search at FZ Jülich Introduction  Precision physics Electric Dipole Moments (EDM)  TV, CPV Physics impact  Baryogenesis, BAU Charged particle EDMs  Storage Rings Steps towards realization  Precursor Outline of the talk

Introduction – Big Challenges Perception of the HEP-community: 3 physics „frontiers“

Introduction – Physics Frontiers Search for the origin of mass („Higgs“), SUSY Energy Frontiers of Physical Sciences Energy frontier (LHC and possible future successors)

Introduction – Physics Frontiers Search for the origin of mass („Higgs“), SUSY Energy Frontiers of Physical Sciences Cosmic Quest for „Dark Matter“ and „Dark Energy“ Cosmic frontier (AMANDA, Auger, Icecube, …)

Introduction – Physics Frontiers Search for the origin of mass („Higgs“), SUSY Secrets of neutrinos Energy Intensity Frontiers of Physical Sciences Cosmic Quest for „Dark Matter“ and „Dark Energy“ Intensity frontier (Super-beams)

Introduction – Physics Frontiers Search for the origin of mass („Higgs“), SUSY Secrets of neutrinos Energy Intensity Frontiers of Physical Sciences Cosmic Quest for „Dark Matter“ and „Dark Energy“ (In-)stability of the proton Precision A most promising additional frontier: precision

Introduction – Physics Frontiers Search for the origin of mass („Higgs“), SUSY Secrets of neutrinos Energy Intensity Frontiers of Physical Sciences Cosmic Complexity Quest for „Dark Matter“ and „Dark Energy“ (In-)stability of the proton Precision A most promising additional frontier: precision

Introduction – Physics Frontiers ESPP, Cracow, September 2012 A most promising additional frontier: precision

Introduction – Precision Frontier Johann Jakob Balmer (1885) Balmer Series  H-atom Striving for the ultimate precision/sensitivity: example hydrogen

Introduction – Precision Frontier Johann Jakob Balmer (1885) Balmer Series  H-atom Willis E. Lamb (1947) Lamb-shift QED g/2 = 1 + a/2p ~ 1.00116 Striving for the ultimate precision/sensitivity

Introduction – Precision Frontier Johann Jakob Balmer (1885) Balmer Series  H-atom Gerald Gabrielse (et al.) (2008) Electron MDM  SM test (…) V. Weisskopf: „To understand hydrogen is to understand all of physics“

Introduction – Precision Frontier Adapted from: Nature, Vol 482 (2012) Example: Neutron (nEDM) Search for Electric Dipole Moments (EDM) of fundamental particles

Introduction – Precision Frontier Nucleon Earth + - 1023 fm expand Current upper limit  separation ~ size of a hair 1 fm An EDM is VEEEEEE … EEERY small !!

JEDI – The srEDM Search at FZ Jülich Introduction  Precision physics Electric Dipole Moments (EDM)  TV, CPV Physics impact  Baryogenesis, BAU Charged particle EDMs  Storage Rings Steps towards realization  Precursor Outline of the talk

Physics – Electric Dipoles Definition p = q s Charge separation creates an electric dipole

Physics – Electric Dipoles Definition p = q s Water molecule: permanent electric dipole (has de- generate GS w/ different parity) Example: H2O p ~ 6 x 10-30 C m ~ 4 x 10-9 e cm Charge separation creates an electric dipole

Physics – Fundamental Particles Charge symmetric („round“) no EDM Do particles (e.g., electron, nucleon) have an EDM?

Physics – Fundamental Particles Charge symmetric („round“) no EDM EDM (aligned w/ spin) T operation creates a different state Not charge symmetric d < 10-13 e cm Do particles (e.g., electron, nucleon) have an EDM?

Physics – Discrete Symmetries If CPT holds, EDM violates CP IF particle has an EDM Motivation of N.F. Ramsey, E.M. Purcell to search for nEDM; found no PV: d < 10-20 e cm Violation of discrete symmetries (P and T)

Physics – Discrete Symmetries C.S. Wu et al. (1957) Nobel Prize 1957 Lee,Yang … also observed in m-decay … Parity- (P) and Charge-Parity- (CP) violation

Physics – Discrete Symmetries J. Cronin, V. Fitch et al. (1964) Nobel Prize 1980 Cronin, Fitch … also observed in other systems (B, D) Parity- (P) and Charge-Parity- (CP) violation

Physics – CPV in Standard Model CP symmetry breaking due to the weak interaction: Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM)-matrix connects the quark weak eigenstates and the quark mass eigenstates: CKM matrix is unitary; if Vij are not real, CP will be violated  finite area of the unitary-triangle! No exp´tly known CPV in QCD (no reason for it; “strong CP problem”)

Physics – Why is CPV so interesting? CPV in the SM points to physics we do not understand CPV is highly sensitive to physics beyond the SM (New Physics) CPV is accessible to a wide range of experiments New source of CPV required for baryogenesis Physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM)

JEDI – The srEDM Search at FZ Jülich Introduction  Precision physics Electric Dipole Moments (EDM)  TV, CPV Physics impact  BAU, baryogenesis Charged particle EDMs  Storage Rings Steps towards realization  Precursor Outline of the talk

Physics – Baryogenesis (…) Matter and antimatter in our Universe

Physics – Baryogenesis Big Bang Early Universe Matter Anti-matter Assertion: Universe „started“ with equal amounts of matter and antimatter !

Physics – Baryogenesis Big Bang Early Universe Matter Anti-matter Very soon, a slight asymmetry developed (CP- / T-violation)

Physics – Baryogenesis Big Bang Early Universe Matter anti-matter annihilation  photons Matter Anti-matter All the anti-matter annihilated with matter

Physics – Baryogenesis Big Bang Early Universe Matter anti-matter annihilation  photons Today Matter Anti-matter Now, only matter is left over !

Physics – Baryogenesis The mystery of the missing antimatter (the puzzle of our existence)

Physics – Baryogenesis Ingredients for baryogenesis: 3 Sakharov conditions

Physics – Potential of EDMs N. Arkani-Hamed (IAS, Princeton) at Intensity Frontier WS, USA (2011)

Physics – Potential of EDMs G. Isidori at ESPP Open Symposium, Cracow (Sept. 2012)

Physics – Potential of EDMs J.M. Pendlebury: „nEDM has killed more theories than any other single expt.“

EDMs – Ongoing/planned Searches new P. Harris, K. Kirch … A huge worldwide effort

EDMs – Why another Experiment ? Strong CP problem J. De Vries … What we may learn from EDMs

EDMs – Why another Experiment ? Hadron EDMs are complex, richer Strong CP problem Need for different EDMs to pin down the source(s)

JEDI – The srEDM Search at FZ Jülich Introduction  Precision physics Electric Dipole Moments (EDM)  TV, CPV Physics impact  Baryogenesis, BAU Charged particle EDMs  Storage Rings Steps towards realization  Precursor Outline of the talk

EDMs – Executive Summary Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs) of charged particles (p,d, …): Why ? Physics case: a fundamental question Cosmic Baryon Asymmetry Physics beyond the Standard Model Highest sensitivity, discovery potential How ? New technique: spin tracking in E-, B-fields Polarized particles Precision storage ring Where ? Jülich („best place on earth“) When ? Phases: Ongoing: Tests at COSY Step 1: „Precursor“ at COSY+ Step 2: Dedicated EDM ring Spin-off ? Accelerators, instrumentation, metrology, … A spectacular opportunity that should not be missed !

EDMs – Measurement Technique (I) Particle in parallel/anti-parallel B- and E-field: Frequency/energy difference due to EDM ( d )

EDMs – Measurement Technique (II) Polarized charged particles in a storage ring: Adapted from: Nature, Vol 482 (2012) EDM MDM EDM ( d ) in E-field produces a minuscule torque ( spin rotation)

EDMs – Storage Ring Technique Polarized charged particles in a storage ring:  development of a transverse polarization component EDM ( d ) in E-field produces a minuscule torque ( spin rotation)

EDMs – Storage Ring Technique Spin Precession (relative to momentum): Thomas – BMT Equation:  Pure electric ring: B = 0, „magic momentum“, only if G > 0 (p)  Combined E- and B- ring  „all-in-one“ (p, d, 3He)  Pure magnetic ring (COSY)  tests „frozen spin“ EDM ( d ) in E-field produces a minuscule torque ( spin rotation)

EDMs – Storage Ring Projects pEDM all-electric ring BNL (via DOE-NP) Two projects: US (BNL, FNAL) and Europe (FZJ)

EDMs – Storage Ring Projects pEDM all-electric ring FNAL (via DOE-HEP) Accumulator Two projects: US (BNL, FNAL) and Europe (FZJ)

EDMs – Storage Ring Projects pEDM all-electric ring BNL, FNAL (p,d, …)EDM all-in-one ring (E,B) FZJ (COSY): „JEDI“ Two projects: US (BNL, FNAL) and Europe (FZJ)

EDMs – Storage Ring Projects pEDM all-electric ring BNL, FNAL (p,d, …)EDM all-in-one ring (E,B) FZJ (COSY): „JEDI“ Critical (common) R&D projects Spin Coherence Time ( COSY) Polarimetry (data base) ( COSY) Beam Position Monitoring ( RHIC) Deflectors ( COSY) Spin Tracking (Simulations) … Two projects: US (BNL, FNAL) and Europe (FZJ)

EDMs – Sensitivity Reach EDM search in charged baryon (systems) pEDM dEDM Adapted from: Nature, Vol 482 (2012) NO direct measurement for proton- and deuteron-EDM yet !

JEDI – The srEDM Search at FZ Jülich Introduction  Precision physics Electric Dipole Moments (EDM)  TV, CPV Physics impact  Baryogenesis, BAU Charged particle EDMs  Storage Rings Steps towards realization  Precursor Outline of the talk

EDMs – Stepwise Approach First step: „Precursor“ Experiment (using COSY+)  Comparison of B* = 0 (EDM effect) and E* = 0 (no EDM effect) Stored circulating beam RF EB-Field Vertically polarized beam Polarimeter Establish srEDM, first direct measurement ; sensitivity ~10-24 e cm

EDMs – Stepwise Approach Second step: A dedicated EDM Storage Ring (with COSY as injector) Iron-free Copper-wound magnets Polarized counter-rotating beams Adapted from: Richard Talman Cornell, Febr. 2012 Sensitivity 10-29 e cm  discovery potential

EDMs – Summary, Conclusion EDMs of charged particles in a Storage Ring: Physics case: „must-do“ (complementary to LHC) IKP is one of the (very few) places worldwide where this can be pursued: COSY: testbed facility first direct measurement („precursor“) Experience with polarized beams Forschungszentrum Jülich (HGF): Scientific and technological „environment“ Continuity and persistence (> 10yr project) Cooperations: RWTH: Physics, Engineers (JARA-Fame) BNL (US) (pEDM, use of COSY) PNPI (Russia), KVI (NL), Ferrara (I), Cracow (PL) A spectacular opportunity that should not be missed !