THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN CH. 22 SECTION 2 THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN

THREE WORLD RELIGIONS CLAIM THIS REGION AS THEIR HOLY LAND: JUDAISM CHRISTIANITY ISLAM

JEWS AND ARABS THIS HISTORY OF THIS AREA IS ROOTED IN THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN LAND CLAIMS OF THE JEWS AND MUSLIMS

JERUSALEM What is the Jews’ claim to Jerusalem? THE MUSLIMS BELIEVE THAT MUHAMMED ROSE INTO HEAVEN ON THE SITE OF THE DOME OF THE ROCK. JERUSALEM What is the Jews’ claim to Jerusalem?

HOW WAS THE STATE OF ISRAEL FORMED? DURING WORLD WAR I, BRITAIN ENLISTED THE SUPPORT OF THE ARABS TO FIGHT GERMANY AND THE OTTOMAN TURKS IN THE DESERT IN RETURN, THE ARABS WERE ASSURED THAT THEY WOULD BE REWARDED WITH A HOMELAND BEFORE WORLD WAR I THE OTTOMAN TURKS CONTROLLED THE LAND 1914-1917

TIME LINE 1922 PALESTINE?_____________ TRANSJORDAN?__________ AFTER WORLD WAR I, THE TURKS LOST AND HAD TO GIVE UP THE LAND TO ENGLAND, FRANCE, US, AND RUSSIA ENGLAND AND FRANCE CONTROLLED THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN ARABS IN THE FRENCH- CONTROLLED LANDS REBELLED LOOK AT THE MAP ON PAGE 512 WHICH EUROPEAN COUNTRIES CONTROLLED WHICH COUNTRIES HERE? PALESTINE?_____________ TRANSJORDAN?__________ SYRIA?________________ LEBANON?__________________

What about Palestine? The British strictly controlled the region around Jerusalem, called Palestine. Slowly, Jews emigrated here and formed a new movement called ZIONISM. What were the goals of Zionism? To create a Jewish homeland in Palestine To reclaim the lands that they believed were given them by God in the Torah

What happened to the Britain’s promise to the Arabs? AFTER WORLD WAR II, IN 1945, THE HORRORS OF THE HOLOCAUST BECAME PUBLIC BECAUSE OF THE STRUGGLES OF THE JEWS IN EUROPE, THE UNITED NATIONS AGREED TO FORM THE NATION OF ISRAEL IN PALESTINE IN 1948 THE ARABS REFUSED TO SHARE THE LAND WITH THE JEWS AND REJECTED THE EXISTENCE OF THE NEW COUNTRY OF ISRAEL.

Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO_ FORMED IN THE 1960s, THE P.L.O. PURSUED POLITICAL, MILITARY, AND TERRORIST MEANS TO REGAIN THE LANDS THAT WERE TAKEN FROM THEM TO FORM THE NATION OF ISRAEL. OVER THE YEARS, THE P.L.O. HAS SIGNED PEACE TREATIES WITH ISRAEL, BUT MANY OF THE ARABS REMAIN AS REFUGEES.

LEBANON AND CYPRUS HAVE EXPERIENCED CIVIL WARS. IN 1982, ISRAEL ENTERED LEBANON AND TOOK CONTROL OF LAND THERE UNTIL 2000. JORDAN IS A MONARCHY, BUT IS THE POOREST NATION IN THE REGION AND HAS THE LARGEST PALESTINIAN POPULATION, MANY IN REFUGEE CAMPS.

MODERN LIFE CLIMATE IN THE REGION IS MILD CITRUS AND OTHER CROPS ARE GROWN WITH IRRIGATION SYSTEMS BECAUSE OF CONFLICTS, SOME ROADS AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS MUST BE REBUILT

WHAT IS DIFFERENT ABOUT THE ISRAELI ARMY FROM THE LOOK AT THE TOP OF PAGE 514 WHAT IS DIFFERENT ABOUT THE ISRAELI ARMY FROM THE U.S. ARMY? DAILY LIFE IN THE REGION INCLUDES MOST MEALS EATEN AT HOME TEA AND COFFEE ARE SERVED DINNER IS EATEN LATE, SOMETIMES AROUND 10 OR 11 P.M. THE HOST OF A DINNER DOES NOT EAT WITH THE GUESTS, SO THAT HE CAN BETTER SERVE THEM DURING THE MEAL

OTHER ETHNIC GROUPS BESIDES MUSLIMS AND JEWS, CHRISTIANS LIVE HERE A PRIVATE SECT CALLED THE DRUZE LIVE IN ISRAEL AND SYRIA THE CHRISTIAN MARONITES WHO FOLLOW ORTHODXY CHRISTIANITY LIVE IN LEBANON BEDOUINS ARE ARABS WHO PREFER TO REMAIN AS NOMADS IN THE DESERTS OF THE REGION