Высокоэллиптическая гидрометеорологическая космическая система «Арктика» State Centre on Space Hydrometeorology "Planeta" Lavochkin Association 1 High-elliptical Orbits Satellite System "Arctica" Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring Russian Federal Space Agency

Высокоэллиптическая гидрометеорологическая космическая система «Арктика» Monitoring of the Earth atmosphere and surface in Arctic region (inaccessible for observation from geostationary orbit) on the base of multispectral imaging with high temporal resolution (15 – 30 min). Providing heliogeophysical information in polar areas. Maintaining data collection system, telecommunication service for data exchange and retransmission. Search & Rescue service ( COSPAS-SARSAT ). Mission objectives High-elliptical Orbits Satellite System " Arctica "

Высокоэллиптическая гидрометеорологическая космическая система «Арктика» Main Tasks and Applications Utilization for analysis and forecasting : - weather in the regional (Arctic) and global scales; - ice coverage in Arctic; - aircrafts flight conditions (cloudiness, wind, streams and etc.); - snow cover; - heliogeophysical conditions Monitoring of extremal phenomena (natural and antropogenic origin) Climate changes monitoring Data collection and retransmission from data collection platforms (ground-, sea- and air-based platforms) Dissemination of the satellite data, meteorological and heliogeophysical data High-elliptical Orbits Satellite System "Arctica"

Высокоэллиптическая гидрометеорологическая космическая система «Арктика» "Arctica" System General Design Spacecraft No.2 Spacecraft No.1 Hydro meteorological and helio-geophysical data Service data High-elliptical Orbits Satellite System "Arctica" Ground control complex Command program data Ground Complex for the data receiving, processing and distribution

Высокоэллиптическая гидрометеорологическая космическая система «Арктика» Parameter of the spacecraft orbits: - apogee altitude (α) ~ km; - perigee altitude (π) ~ 1000 km; - inclination (i) ~ 63 о ; - orbital period - 12 hours Positional relationship of the spacecraft orbits: coincidence of ascending node (Ω) of the spacecraft No.1 orbit and descending node ( ) of the spacecraft No.2 orbit Location of the orbit operational parts: - beginning of the operational part of each spacecraft is 3.2 hours before the apogee passing; - end of the operational part is 3.2 hours after the apogee passing; - relative drift of the orbit operational parts of spacecraft No.1 and spacecraft No.2 equals 6 hours; - provides continuous observation of the arctic territories, located at the latitude, higher than 60 о N; - provides continuous radio visibility of the spacecrafts orbit operational parts at the ground stations in Moscow, Novosibirsk, Khabarovsk Ballistic configuration of the space system Ω Spacecraft No.2 Spacecraft No.1 High-elliptical Orbits Satellite System "Arctica"

Высокоэллиптическая гидрометеорологическая космическая система «Арктика» Benefits of the high- elliptic orbits (HEO) at the Arctic region 1. Providing the quasi-continuous observations for Arctic region (areas at latitudes higher than 60 о N). 2. The quasi- continuous observations need no more than 2 spacecrafts End of the operational part of High Elliptical orbit Beginning of the operational part of High Elliptical orbit Available area for monitoring from HEO Available area formonitoring from GEO 70  - limiting angle of the available observation High-elliptical Orbits Satellite System "Arctica"

Высокоэллиптическая гидрометеорологическая космическая система «Арктика» Comparison of the Arctic region viewing from the GEO ( "Electro-L") and HEO ( "Arctica" ) 1) View from "Electro-L " spacecraft 2) View from "Arctica " spacecraft3) View from "Arctica " spacecraft High-elliptical Orbits Satellite System "Arctica" 1) The “Electro-L” spacecraft is in the operation position on the geostationary orbit. 2) The “Arctica” spacecraft is approaching to beginning of the operational part of high-elliptic orbit. 3) The “Arctica” spacecraft is approaching to end of the operational part of high-elliptic orbit.

Высокоэллиптическая гидрометеорологическая космическая система «Арктика» Spacecraft structure: payload module, including : - multichannel scanner MSU-GS; - onboard radio engineering complex (OREC); - onboard data sampling system (ODSS); - heliogeophysical instrumentation complex (HPIC); orbital platform on the base of "Navigator " module Basic geostationary spacecraft "Electro-L " Orbit is geostationary one. Operational position of the spacecraft on geostationary orbit is 76 о W. Spacecraft mass in orbit – 1620kg Payload mass – 435 kg Spacecraft orientation – three- axis stabilized platform Life time – 10 years Launcher – LV " Zenith " with " Fregat-SB " booster Launch date – 2008 High-elliptical Orbits Satellite System "Arctica"

Высокоэллиптическая гидрометеорологическая космическая система «Арктика» Basic high-apogee spacecraft "Spectr-R " Main performances of the spacecraft: Orbit: - apogee ~ km; - perigee ~ 600 km; - inclination ~ 51,3° Orbital mass of the spacecraft – 3660km Payload module mass – 2500kg Antenna diameter – 10m Spacecraft orientation – in three axes Life – 3-5 years Launcher – LV " Zenith " with " Fregat-SB " booster Launch is planned on 2008 Spacecraft structure: Payload module, including: - scientific instrumentation complex on the base of space radio telescope; - high data rate radio complex (VIRK); Orbital platform on base of the “Navigator” module with high energy parameters High-elliptical Orbits Satellite System "Arctica"

Высокоэллиптическая гидрометеорологическая космическая система «Арктика» Spacecraft "Spectr-R " Spacecraft "Electro-L " Structure of the target instrumentation complex: - multi channel scanner MSU-GSM; - heliogeophysical instrumentation complex (GGAK); - onboard radioengineering complex (BRTK); - onboard data acquisition system (BSSD-M). Orbital mass of the spacecraft – 1850kg Target instrumentation mass kg Spacecraft orientation – in three axes Life – 7 years Launcher – LV " Soyuz-2(1a) " with "Fregat " booster Orbit is geostationary one Orbit – High Elliptical: apogee ~ km; perigee ~ 600 km; inclination ~ 51 о High Elliptical orbit: apogee ~ km; perigee ~ 1000 km; inclination ~ 63 о Spacecraft "Arctica " Principles of design and main parameters of the "Arctica" meteorological spacecraft Target instrumentation complex Orbital platform High-elliptical Orbits Satellite System "Arctica "

Высокоэллиптическая гидрометеорологическая космическая система «Арктика» General view of the "Arctica " spacecraft High-elliptical Orbits Satellite System "Arctica "

Высокоэллиптическая гидрометеорологическая космическая система «Арктика» Payload module of the "Arctica " spacecraft High-elliptical Orbits Satellite System "Arctica " NTS OMZ Transmitting Directional Antenna NA-4 GALS BRTK Lavochkin Association Low Gain Antenna BAKIS Lavochkin Association MSU-GSM 2 complete sets RNII KP BRTK Lavochkin Association Receiving Antenna NA-1 GGAK-E NTS OMZ BRTK Lavochkin Association Transmitting Directional Antenna NA-2 GGAK-E NTS OMZ High Gain Antenna BRTK Lavochkin Association Solar Cosmic Rays NTS OMZ GGAK-E Transmitting Directional Antenna NA3 BRTK Lavochkin Association ISP-2M SKIF-6 Magnetometer Installed to the BMSS GGAK-E DIR-E VUSS-E

Высокоэллиптическая гидрометеорологическая космическая система «Арктика» Orbital platform of the "Arctica" spacecraft on the "Navigator" module base Electrization control system Novosibirsky State University Scientific production centre “Polus”, Omsk Automatic control and stabilization complex of the power supply system Telemetry Public corporation “Izhevsky radiozavod” Onboard control complex Moscow Experimental Design Bureau “Mars” Solar array attitude control system Federal State Unitary Enterprise NPP VNIIEM, Moscow Antenna feeder system Propulsion system Onboard cable network, the spacecraft structure Lavochkin Association, Khimki Accumulator battery Public corporation “Saturn”, Krasnodar Antenna feeder system Thermal control system Lavochkin Association, Khimki Propulsion system Correction and stabilisation thrusters Federal State Unitary Enterprise Experimental Design Bureau “Fakel”, Kaliningrad Solar array Scientific production association PM, Krasnoyarsk Payload DIR- EGGAK-E NTS OMZ VUSS-E GGAK-E NTS OMZ Onboard equipment Of the command-measuring system, RNII KP, Moscow High-elliptical Orbits Satellite System "Arctica "

Высокоэллиптическая гидрометеорологическая космическая система «Арктика» Performance characteristics of the MSU-GSM instrument: Coverage area – whole visible Earth disk (20х20 deg.); Number of the spectral channels 10 (2 channels – visible band, 8 channels – IR band); Resolution – Optical Band - 1 км, IR – 4 km; Survey periodicity (clock round) – minutes. High-elliptical Orbits Satellite System "Arctica "

Высокоэллиптическая гидрометеорологическая космическая система «Арктика» Heliogeophysical measurements complex (GGAK-E) The GGAK-E set includes 7 sensors: SKIF-6 – spectrometer of the corpuscular emission with particle energy in the following ranges 0,05…20,0 keV; 0,03…1,5 MeV; 0,5…30,0 MeV; SKL-E – spectrometer of the solar cosmic rays with particle energy in the following ranges 1…12 MeV, 30,0… 300,0 MeV,  350,0 MeV; GALS-E – detector of the galaxy cosmic rays with particles energy in the range  600 MeV; ISP-2M – measurements of the solar constant in the range 0,2-100 microns; DIR-E - measurements of the solar X-rays with energy in the range 3-10 keV; VUSS-E - measurements of the solar UV radiation at the Hydrogen resonant line НLa (121,6 nm); FM-E – magnetometer for the magnetic field intensity measurement in the range  300 nanotesla. High-elliptical Orbits Satellite System "Arctica "

Высокоэллиптическая гидрометеорологическая космическая система «Арктика» Schedule of the spacecraft activities for the "Arctica" space system Phase/stage of the Project Draft Proposal release on the Space System Presentation of the Draft Proposal. Development of the Project Specification for the Preliminary Design Release and Presentation of Preliminary Design. Approval of the Project Specifications on the Space System Components Development of the work documentation on update of the used experimental items and the “Electro-L” and “Spectr-R” spacecrafts models, production of models of the new designed onboard instruments and units of the spacecrafts. Development of the work documentation on the equipment of Ground Control Complex and Ground Complex on the Data Receiving, Processing and Distribution of the Space Complexes “Electro-L” and “Spectr-R” Update of the existing onboard and ground hardware and software for the “Arctica” Space system and development of the new ones. Update of the mockups and experimental models of the Space System. Autonomous and complex testing, update of the work documentation on the flight models. Update of the work documentation using flight tests results and production and launch of the spacecraft No.2. Production of the hardware, ground autonomous and complex testing of the flight hardware set. Launch of the spacecrafts. Flight tests of the Space System with the spacecraft No.1. High-elliptical Orbits Satellite System "Arctica "

Высокоэллиптическая гидрометеорологическая космическая система «Арктика» The cost estimation includes following items: - cost of the development work on the target instrumentation production……… millions of roubles; -cost of the development work on the orbital platform production ……….…………………………………….……..220 millions of roubles; - cost of the two flight spacecraft production and their preparation for launch…………….……………………… 1400 millions of roubles; - cost of the Ground spacecraft control complex production establishment … ……. 40 millions of roubles; -cost of the Ground complex for the data receiving, processing and distribution of the 1st stage……..……… 400 millions of roubles; Total: 2200 millions of roubles Cost of the space system establishment High-elliptical Orbits Satellite System "Arctica "

Высокоэллиптическая гидрометеорологическая космическая система «Арктика» Budget expenses for the "Arctica " system development, millions of roubles Costs of the spacecraft delivery to the orbits and risk insurance are not presented in the diagram High-elliptical Orbits Satellite System "Arctica "

Высокоэллиптическая гидрометеорологическая космическая система «Арктика» Conclusions High-elliptical Orbits Satellite System "Arctica " 1.To a great extent the progress of global and regional numerical weather forecasting, as well as providing safety navigation along Northern Sea Route together with many other Earth monitoring problems depends on the capabilities to provide hydrometeorological information for the Arctic region (at the latitudes higher than 60 deg. N) in quasi-continuous mode with high temporal resolution. 2. Geostationary meteorological satellites cannot provide such information and therefore the proposed "Arctica" system should supplement existing global satellite observation system. 3. Russia has great experience on design and exploitation HEO satellite systems, as well as the technical stock on the development of " Electro-L " and " Spectr-R" type spacecrafts. Based on this Roscosmos and Roshydromet (as responsible Russian governmental bodies) propose to realize " Arctica " project in the frame of wide international cooperation.