Space Systems Bob Hall & John Carrico

Agenda Background Examples How AGI technology is applied to space When AGI technology is applied to space

Background STK, ODTK, NTK: “Tool Kit” Models of how things move Many small tools that used together can model large complex systems Models of how things move Models of moving payloads on moving things Sensors Antennas Models of how these moving things interact

Analytical Graphics, Inc. Background… Space Applications Defense Air Force and other DoD UK MOD French Air Force Civil NASA ESA CNES DLR JAXA NSPO Commercial and Contractors Digital Globe, Space Imaging, OrbImage, Sirius, XM Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Orbital Sciences Qinetiq, SSTL EADS Astrium RSC Energia Requirements Problems www.agi.com

Examples 1 spacecraft 2 spacecraft Many spacecraft

Imaging satellite When can I take a picture of a target? Constraints Lighting Terrain

Communications When can I communicate with my satellite? Constraints Signal-to-noise; Bit error rate Terrain Interference and jamming Jammed Beam

Attitude Model attitude control laws Sensors Actuators

Solar power Calculate power based on solar array geometry relative to Sun

Sensor obscuration Parts of spacecraft block sensor field-of- view

Ground-track control Repeating-ground-track Sun-synchronous frozen- orbit

Transfer to geostationary Normal transfer Sensor constraints Where to put sensors Sun sensor Maneuvers Launch window Delta-V vs Sun angle

Transfer to geostationary… AsiaSat3 rescue Low-thrust

Geostationary Orbit Communications Multi-beam and shaped patterns

Lunar transfer

Lunar landing Landing site selection Soft landing Closed loop control Communications Lighting Terrain Soft landing Closed loop control

Libration point Sun-Earth/Moon Gravity assist

Libration point… Earth-Moon Communications relay Station/depot Transfer

Libration point… Any set of bodies

Interplanetary Communications, coverage, attitude, orbits, maneuvers work around other planets Aerobraking Make your own asteroids

Multiple hop communications Chains

ODTK Tracking spacecraft and calculating the orbit Operations Automation Notification

Error Analysis Tracking schedule to meet requirements With STK What types of tracking do I need Is it worth it to add additional hardware? What if we miss a pass?

Analytical Graphics, Inc. ODTK… Maneuver detection Maneuver and OD Maneuver calibration Case ID No. Stn No. Obs Tracks Description ALL 5 24,642 22 All stations horizon-to-horizon 4 STN 4 566 31 One 10 min track per pass per station 3 STN 3 479 23 One 10 min track per pass per station 2 STN 2 490 24 One 10 min track per pass per station 2 STNB 2 513 17 One 10 min track per orbit, add 30 minutes extended tracking after maneuvers Optimized 3 513 17 Optimize 10 min track schedule using covariance analysis www.agi.com

Rendezvous Rendezvous: often used to describe getting a spacecraft from one orbit to a control box near but offset from another Rendezvous from 6678 km sma orbit to 6838 km sma orbit 4 maneuvers used to execute 2 Hohmann transfers Proximity Operations: Begins after rendezvous Very near another spacecraft (e.g., < 1 km) Docking: Controlling spacecraft to touch at desired velocity

Docking Closed loop control Fuzzy logic controller used for multiple constraints

Proximity Operations Moving one spacecraft around and close to another Multiple way-points and collection stay-times

Formation flying Formation design Communications Science and sensor collection

Constellations Coordinated mission Constellation design Sensors Communications Constellation design Relative station keeping

Space and other objects Interaction with missiles, ground, sea, and air Same capabilities work communications, navigation, sensor collection

Close approach Conjunction analysis Launch windows Laser clearinghouse

Coverage Single object Area Attitude Works on the Moon and Mars Constraints Interference Terrain Attitude Works on the Moon and Mars

GPS NTK Ground Aircraft Spacecraft

Scheduling Timeslots Tasks Scheduled Activity Resources Resource Availability

STK/Analyzer Parametric analysis Monte Carlo Runs STK for you

How technology is applied Desktop Automated desktop Matlab, Excel Real-time situational awareness Server on a network Embedded system

Desktop Interactive From quick trade- off studies to high-fidelity analysis Reports and graphs

Automated desktop Use, Matlab, Excel, or other programs to run software for you

Real-time situational awareness Telemetry monitoring Other feeds Flight Control

Live server on a network LAN HTML Web Services

Data served on a network Pre-computed data Ground tracks Sensor footprints

Embedded system STKx 4DX

When technology is applied Proposals Early analysis System design Pre-launch analysis Operations Payload support Contingency operations Post-mission

Summary Many tools used in different ways applied to many situations Many examples of AGI Technology applied to space – more to come Designed for complete life-cycle