KSEE Presentation ESA Concurrent Design: Concurrent Engineering applied to space mission assessments K. Nergaard ESA – OPS-HSA

KSEE Presentation ESA FACTS AND FIGURES Over 30 years of experience 18 Member States Five establishments, about 2000 staff million Euro budget (2009) Over 60 satellites designed and tested More than 10 scientific satellites in operation Five types of launcher developed Over 180 launches made

KSEE Presentation Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Canada takes part in some projects under a Cooperation Agreement. Hungary, Romania and Poland are European Cooperating States. Cyprus, Slovenia, Estonia and Latvia have recently signed Cooperation Agreements with ESA. ESA Member States

KSEE Presentation ESA – What do we do?

KSEE Presentation The ESA project life-cycle Pre- Ph. A SPEC.’s ’s ’sFDIRCDR Lessons Learned Evolving Applications = CDF application / quantity Review Pre- Ph. A Phase A Phase B Phase C/D SPEC.’s ’s ’sFDIRCDR Lessons Learned … … Evolving Applications Launch = CDF application / quantity Review IndustryIndustry ESAESA

KSEE Presentation Why do we need Concurrent Engineering? To overcome the communication gaps between the “designer” (who produces design information) and the “user” (who utilises the design information) Sequential Design (“over-the-fence” approach)

KSEE Presentation Concurrent design Possible approaches to system design Centralised design

KSEE Presentation The Concurrent Design Facility (CDF): what is it? The ESA Concurrent Design Facility is an Integrated Design Environment (IDE) available to all ESA programmes for interdisciplinary and inter-directorate applications, based on Concurrent Engineering methodology the implementation started in Nov.1998, on an experimental basis with initiative (and support) of the General Studies Programme (GSP) initially conceived for the assessment and the conceptual design of future space missions, i.e. internal pre-phase A / feasibility studies the main ESA CDF is in ESTEC with other establishments having satellite CDF systems (such as ESOC) featuring: –team orientated concurrent engineering –integration of tools, project data, mission and system models –simultaneous participation of all mission domains, incl. Programmatics/AIV, Operations, Cost Engineering, Risk Analysis, CAD, Simulation

KSEE Presentation Re-organization of existing tools and human resources in a more effective (i.e. “concurrent”) way CDF: the approach (Organisation dependent) Engineering Tools & DB‘s Technical Domains Domain Specialists Integrated Design Environment Interfacing Data Sharing Group Team Engineers System Perspective

KSEE Presentation CDF: the achievements Activities performed 100+ (potential) future missions studied and designed internally at pre-Phase A, conceptual, system level 4 new launcher concept design 11 complex payload instrument design (IDA), incl. Platform, system, mission 18 reviews of Industrial Phase A studies (internal + Industry) and Phase B 5 ISS on-board facilities/experiments accommodation studies; teaming with/supporting Industry in Phase A Joint studies with NASA/JPL/PDC-Team X (Distributed Concurrent Engineering), CNES CIC, DLR, Industry, Academia Anomaly investigation for later project phases Educational, training, promotion and standardisation activities Spin-off Transfer of CDF know-how and software to national Agencies, Industry, Academia

KSEE Presentation Benefits Performances (typical pre-Phase A study): –Study duration (Design phase): 3-6 weeks (“classical” 6-9 months!) –Factor 4 reduction in time –Factor 2 reduction in cost (for the Customer) –Increased number of studies per year, compatibly with max 2 parallel studies Improvement in quality, providing quick, consistent and complete mission design, incl. technical feasibility, programmatics, risk, cost Technical report becomes part of the specs for subsequent industrial activity, Cost report remains the ESA independent reference Capitalisation of corporate knowledge for further reusability CDF: an essential tool for the ESA Decision Making and Risk Management processes

KSEE Presentation Process elements Conducted in sessions –plenary meeting where representatives of all space engineering domains participate from early phases (requirement analysis) to end of design (costing) –6 to 10 session / study, 4 hour / session, bi-weekly frequency –team leader co-ordination –customer participation Model driven On-line design Highly co-operative & interactive Iterations Design options comparison and trade-offs

KSEE Presentation Design process Environment Lifetime Payload Reliability Schedule Mission requirements & constraints Products Study Level Planning Study requirements Study results Conceptual model of mission & spacecraft design process Mission analysis Propellant mass Propulsion Instruments Electrical power Dry mass Structure Wet mass Launch mass Data handling Telemetry tracking & command Software Operations & ground systems Resources Objectives Technology Budget S/C Configuration Cost S/C Design Risk Simulation Programmatics Options Launcher Adapter Attitude determination & control Thermal control

KSEE Presentation CE: iterative process Mission requirements analysis Mission analysis Sub-system design Design verification Risk assessment Cost analysis The Spiral Model Key Parameters

KSEE Presentation CDF: the team Team of ESA specialists (senior and junior!) Technical disciplines (‘CDF positions’) selected for Phase 0 studies (according to ESA organisation): SystemsPower InstrumentsCommand and Data Handling Mission analysisCommunications PropulsionGround Systems & Operations Attitude and Orbit ControlSimulation Structures/ConfigurationProgrammatics Mechanisms/PyrosRisk Assessment ThermalCost Analysis Black: sub-system levelBlue: system level Red: based on hi-end tools Note: Instrument design activities have specialised teams with disciplines such as Receiver, Optics etc.

KSEE Presentation Human Missions to Mars Moon Lander Payload & P/L accommodation ROSITA instrument on Columbus External Platform ISS Internal Payload – Science Requirements Definition IMPACT facility inside an ISS rack Socrates Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle Advanced launchers Crewed vehicles for exploration preparation programme Telescopes and Technology FIRI WiFLY Diverse range of space missions S5P ExoMars Laplace

KSEE Presentation New CDF application - System of Systems architecture Service oriented – Example: GIANUS Architecture and integration of independent space assets and systems to provide a layer of global services (e.g. security) Collaboration among ESA programme directorates and other Agencies Support EU and national authorities dealing with Civil Crisis Management (ref. EC-EDA-ESA workshop - 16 Sep on Space for Security and Defence)

KSEE Presentation A CDF design session

KSEE Presentation Thanks for your time!