Urban Water Use Characteristics Saroj Sharma

2  Domestic (residential)  Commercial  Industrial  Public use  Miscellaneous -distribution system cleaning -system losses Urban Water Use Source: Ageing Pipes and Murky Water (New Zealand, 2002)

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4 Urban area, Singapore

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6 Peri-urban area, Durban, South Africa

7  Climatic conditions  Size of the city  Standard of living  Quantity of water supplied  Pressure in the distribution system  Duration of supply (continuous or intermittent)  Price of water, rate structure and metering  Quality of water  Extent of industrial and commercial activities  Extent of waterborne sanitation/sewerage  Availability of other private water supply Factors Affecting Urban Water Demand

8 Total Average Daily Consumption Source: Second Water Utilities Data Book 1997 (ADB); Water and Wastewater Utility Data – 2 nd Edition 1996 (WB)

9 Source: Household water pricing in OECD Countries (OECD 1999) Household water consumption in some OECD countries (1995 Statistics)

10 Urban Water Use Characteristics

11 Urban water use characteristics in some Asian cities Source: Water in Asian Cities, ADB (2004)

12 Source: Sustainable Water Use in Europe (EEA 2001) Pattern of Water Use in Household

13 Residential Water Use - Australia Source: Thomas G. Parry: Influencing demand - water pricing

14 Residential Water Use – Winnipeg, Canada