Welcome MAT Cohort Special Methods of Instruction I Summer 2012 GRAD 210 Dr. Bowles, Instructor

Key Points Chapter Two What is contextualized language instruction? The degree to which meaning and situations from the world outside the classroom are present in an instructional approach, method, or classroom activity. Why? It engages learners in constructing meaning and in using L2 to communicate and acquire new information.

History of Foreign Language Education Time PeriodMethodTechnique Until 19 th c.Grammar-TranslationLearn grammar rules; memorize bilingual lists Late 19 th c. – early 20 th c. DirectExclusive use of L2; use of visuals; grammar learned through induction sAudio-lingual (ALM)S-R pattern drills; memorization of dialogues; focus on accuracy; skills learned in sequence (L, S, R,W) 1960sCognitive CodeMeaningful language use; deductive teaching of grammar in L1

History of Foreign Language Education Time PeriodMethodTechnique 1974Total Physical ResponsePhysical response to oral commands; exclusive use of TL; creative language use Late 1970s – Early 1980s Natural ApproachCreative, communicative practice; limited error correction; acquisition activities Silent WayUse of Cuisenaire rods to denote words & structures; self & peer correction; early writing practice 1976Community Language Learning Teacher translates L1 to L2; learners determine lesson theme; conversation analysis

History of Foreign Language Education Time PeriodMethodTechnique SuggestopediaMusic in background; role play, ambient atmosphere Dartmouth Intensive Language Model (DILM) Drama & action by teacher; immediate error correction; skits & games; microteaching for culture 1980s-1990sNo particular method; emphasis on proficiency Self-expression & creativity; use of language in a variety of contexts; authentic texts; interaction with others; integration of language & culture 1996-presentEmphasis on Standards Language as a vehicle for learning content; integration of skills & culture; integration of technology; exploration of cultural products & practices

Proficiency Proficiency movement began in the 1970s. ACTFL proficiency standards developed in 1982 (recently revised). ▫Four interrelated criteria  Global tasks or functions (asking for information, e.g.)  Contexts/content areas ( marketplace—buying food)  Accuracy (linguistic and sociocultural)  Oral text type (from words to discourse)

Standards for Foreign Language Learning (SFLL) A collaborative effort (1996, 1999) Five Cs of Foreign Language Education ▫Communication ▫Culture ▫Connections ▫Comparisons ▫Communities Eleven content standards to describe what students should know and be able to do

ACTFL Performance Guidelines for K-12 Learners 1998—takes into account the various sequences of language instruction that typically exist in American schools Outlines language performance expectations from Novice, to Intermediate, to Pre-advanced Student performance includes ▫Comprehensibility ▫Comprehension ▫Language control ▫Vocabulary use ▫Communication strategies ▫Cultural awareness

Curricular Weave Standards include other elements for language learning ▫Language system ▫Cultural traits & concepts ▫Communication strategies ▫Critical thinking skills ▫Learning strategies

Instructional Strategies Bottom-up—analyze and learn grammar rules and vocabulary (skills getting)and use the structures in communicative activities designed to focus their attention on meaningful interaction (skills using, Rivers 1983) ▫Traditional ▫Skill-based ▫Drill oriented (Paulston, 1972)  Mechanical—one way to respond  Meaningful—more than one response  Communicative-asks for new response

Instructional Strategies Top-down—learners presented with “whole” text, seek main idea, interaction with others manipulation of language by learners, meaningful context ▫Higher order thinking / skills ▫Meaning from whole, not discrete points ▫Communicative  Present text  Introduce realia  Present tasks to demonstrate understanding of main ideas and particular details  Engage in discussion

Curricular Models Examples: ▫TIA (Total Instructional Alignment) ▫Leaner-Centered Curriculum ▫AP ▫IB ▫PLC ▫Textbook