Name each component of the x-ray circuit and state its purpose.

1. What type of rectifiers are illustrated in this diagram? 2. What materials are they made of and what classification of a conducting material are they? 3. Why are they necessary in an x-ray circuit? 4. What is a p-n junction? 5. If this component were not included in the circuit could the x-ray tube still function. How? 6. What does the 1/60 s labeled on the sine waves refer to? Where does it come from? What is this time in ms?

1. At what degree are each of the red dots at? 2. Where do these degrees come from, e.g., what created them? 3. How does the three phase diagram differ from the 3 phase 6 pulse? 1. How many pulses per second are created by each of these sign waves? 2. What is the effect of efficiency on heat units (HU)? 3. What is the effect on the quality and quantity of the beam? 4. The percentages listed are percentages of what?

1. What is represented by A? 2. What is represented by B? 3. If B were repeated over an interval of time what would that be called? 4. What 4th component of a sine wave has not been represented? What is that component a function of? 5. Which of these 4 components of the sine wave represents the energy of photons? Which represents the kV? A. 1. What is represented by A? 2. What is represented by B? 1. What does this diagram illustrate? (what electrical component produces this waveform) 2. What does this electrical component do, e.g., what is its function 3. What kinds of equipment is it incorporated in? 4. One type of equipment employs batteries. What kind are they?

1. What does this diagram illustrate? Step 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. What does this diagram illustrate? 2. What equipment does this technology replace? 3. What are its principle advantages? 4. Step 2 is similar to step 7, so why is step 3 necessary? 5. What happens between steps 3 and 4. What is the change measured in? 6. What happens to the current between steps 5 and 6?

6. How much electricity flows through C. What is it measured in? 7. What names are given to D? A C D B 1. What is the component labled A? 2. What component not labled goes with A? 3. What is special about the glass enclosure at B? 4. What is the component C? What is the typical range of sizes, length and width that C comes in? 5. How does the focusing cup work? What influence does it have on C

8. What is the name of the specialized 5. What is the picture principle this picture illustrates? 2. What two factors do the target angle influence? 3. In regard to sharpness of radiographic detail is a larger or smaller angle better? 4. In regard to sharpness of radiographic detail is the focus of the electron beam, the actual focal spot size, or the effective focal spot size most significant? 8. What is the name of the specialized target to the left 5. What is the picture to the left a representation of? 6. How was it made? 7. Is it a perfect representation?

1. What is the name of what this picture illustrates? 2. Is it a beneficial or detrimental? 2. How does it relate to the line focus principle? 3. What is its significance in regard to how the patient is positioned on the table, e.g., how can it be used to advantage?

4. What is the significance of the chart to the right. Be able to 1. What part of the x-ray tube could be damaged, and what damage could be done by not heeding the information on these four tube rating charts? 2. Why might there be four with a single X-ray tube? 3. Name a technique on each chart that will be permissible by a small margin 4. What is the significance of the chart to the right. Be able to compute cooling times. 0 5 10 15 Time in minutes

1. What is this interaction: 2. What part of the atom does it involve 3. What happens to the projectile electrons 4. Are the target atoms ionized

1. What is this interaction: 2. What part of the atom does it involve 3. What happens to the projectile electrons 4. Are the target atoms ionized? 5. How efficient is the production of x-rays, how much waste? 6. where does the energy of the x-rays come from? 7 what are K-rays, L-rays etc. 8. What is the energy of a K characteristic x-ray that came from the L shell, M shell. 9. What is the energy of a L characteristic x-ray that came from the M shell, N shell. 10. What does this graph represent?

B A 1. What is this interaction: what does the name mean? 2. What part of the atom does it involve 3. What happens to the projectile electrons 4. Wre the target atoms ionized? 5. What is the maximum energy x-rays from this interaction can have? 6. Where does the energy of the x-rays come from? 7. The x-ray beam comes exclusively from this interaction up to what energy? 8. At 100 kVp how much of the x-ray beam comes from this interaction 9. what happens to the projectile electron 10. What is represented by “A” 11. What is represented by “B” 12. For a tungsten target what is the energy at “B” 13. If it were not tungsten would it be the same? B A

1. What are these graphs of? e.g. what are they called collectively? 2. What do each of these graphs say about x-ray quantity? 3. What do each of these graphs say about x-ray quality? 4. What do each of these graphs say about the the distribution of x-ray interactions varied by the factors being graphed? What practical application of technique selection does this graph demonstrate?