DNA’s Function. DNA DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA carries the genetic information in the cell – i.e. it carries the instructions for making all the.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
DNA Notes.
Advertisements

MOLECULAR GENETICS. DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid James Watson and Francis Crick discover the structure of the DNA molecule DNA is a double helix (twisted.
DNA-The Double Helix Answer Key.
Structure and Composition
CATALYST Read the case study on pg 158 In your notebook, answer the following questions in complete sentences: – How was DNA fingerprinting used in this.
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Structure DNA consists of two molecules that are arranged into a ladder-like structure called a Double Helix.
Unit 2 – PART A Inside the Nucleus DNA Sturcture.
DNA: The Molecule of Heredity
The Nucleic Acids An Introduction.
Cellular Processes Week 4: DNA and DNA Replication.
Mrs. Degl Molecular Genetics DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a.
Warm Up Where is DNA located within a cell? Why is DNA important?
DNA DNA is often called the blueprint of life.
Objective: Understand the function of DNA
Structure and Function
Date DNA. ✤ DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid ✤ DNA carries all the genetic information of living organisms.
Structure and Function
What is this DNA you speak of?  DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid - Found in nucleus of eukaryotic cells - Found in cytoplasm of protists.
1 2 DNA DNA.DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell.
Nucleic Acids.
National 5 Biology Course Notes Part 4 : DNA and production of
DNA Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) Genetic Information in the form of DNA is passed from parent to offspring. Genes are the code.
DNA: the blueprint of life. Where do you get your DNA? DNA is passed from parent to offspring. Where do we find DNA? DNA is in the nucleus of every cell.
DNA, mRNA, and Protein Synthesis TAKS Review for April 22 test.
DNA: Structure. DNA Structure and Purpose In simplest terms, DNA is a blueprint for life. It is made up of genes which hold the information for making.
DNA. Week 2 Review 1.Draw and label a diagram showing the cell membrane. 2.Define Osmosis 3.Define Active and Passive Transport 4.Describe the difference.
DNA, RNA & Genetics Notes
__________ = passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring How?... _____ HEREDITY DNA!
 A very large molecule, found in the chromosomes of all cells  Carries the genetic code - all the instructions for the structure and functioning of.
Warm Up! 1. What kind of biomolecule is DNA? 2. What function does it have? 3. What are the building blocks?
DNA Structure. Essential Questions for Today What is DNA? What is a gene? What is the basic structure of DNA? What is the function of DNA?
DNA and Genes. Prokaryotes VS Eukaryotes Prokaryotes: no defined nucleus and a simplified internal structure Eukaryotes: membrane limited nucleus and.
Have Your DNA and Eat It Too I will be able to describe the structure of the DNA molecule I will be able to explain the rules of base pairing I will understand.
The Structure of:.  By the end of the day, you should:  Know what DNA stands for  Understand the shape of DNA and be able to label all parts  Know.
DNA Structure and replication.  DNA (deoxyribonucleic Acid) carries the genetic code. DNA Structure.
The Structure of DNA. DNA DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is found in the nuclei of all cells. It is the DNA that carries the genetic information which will.
DNA Study Guide. 1. What is DNA? 1.What is DNA? DNA is the blueprint of life. Chromosomes are made of DNA.
DNA Structure and Replication of DNA. Chromosomes.
DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis. A. DNA and the Genetic Code 1. DNA controls the production of proteins by the order of the nucleotides.
THE GENETIC CODE THE STRUCTURE OF DNA. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CHROMOSOME, GENE, AND DNA? A gene is a section of DNA that gives the code for a.
DNA Structure DNA consists of two molecules that are arranged into a ladder-like structure called a Double Helix. A molecule of DNA is made up of millions.
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA structure DNA is a nucleic acid –composed of many nucleotides –A nucleotide is composed of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate.
DNA and RNA Structure and Function Chapter 12 DNA DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID Section 12-1.
DNA
DNA: The Molecule of Heredity
DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid
H.B.2A.1 Construct explanations of how the structures of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (including DNA and RNA) are related.
Mrs. Wharton’s Science Class
DNA Structure 2.6 & 7.1.
DNA Structure.
DNA Structure.
How does genetic information become traits we can observe?
What is the structure and function of DNA?
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
AIM: How are DNA molecules structured
MODERN GENETICS DNA.
RHS SCIENCE TAKS REVIEW
What is the structure and function of DNA?
DNA & RNA Notes Unit 3.
I. DNA.
DNA Structure - Part 1.
DNA Vocabulary.
DNA.
Discovering DNA.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Science Review Week 3 DNA and RNA.
DNA Structure.
12 – 1 DNA.
DNA: The molecule Year 10 Human Biology.
Presentation transcript:

DNA’s Function

DNA DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA carries the genetic information in the cell – i.e. it carries the instructions for making all the structures and materials the body needs to function. DNA is capable of self-replication. Most of the cell’s DNA is carried in the nucleus – a small amount is contained in the mitochondria. Wellcome Images – Oliver Burston

The structure of DNA The shape of the molecule is described as a “double helix”. The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of one phosphate molecule, a five-sided sugar molecule (deoxyribose sugar), and one nitrogen base.

DNA - the double helix Wellcome Images – Peter ArtymiukWellcome Images – Oliver Burston

The structure of the double helix Wellcome Images - Pete Jeffs

The ladder model The structure of DNA can be understood more easily by untwisting the double helix and displaying the molecule as if it were a ladder. The side rails of the ladder (the “backbone”) are alternating phosphate and sugar molecules. The rungs are paired nitrogen base molecules held together by a hydrogen bond.

The “ladder” model NIH - National Human Genome Research Institute Nucleotide Base pair Backbone

The base pairing rule Each “rung” of the DNA ladder is formed from two nitrogen bases. There are four bases – adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). The base adenine always bonds with thymine (A-T), and cytosine always bonds with guanine (C-G).

The base pairs The binding of two nucleotides forms a base pair. In DNA, cytosine and guanine are bound together by 3 hydrogen bonds, whereas adenine and thymine are bound by 2 hydrogen bonds. NIH - National Human Genome Research Institute

Location of DNA Most of the DNA occurs in the cell nucleus; however, each mitochondrion contains 37 genes – this is referred to as mitochondrial DNA.

The function of DNA Genes A chromosome consists of segments of DNA known as genes. Genes contain the instructions for the construction of a particular protein, or RNA. It is estimated that there are about 20,000–25,000 genes in the human genome (i.e. about 3 billion base pairs).

Introns and exons Genes consist of introns and exons Exons are sections of coding DNA – i.e. they contain instructions for making proteins. Introns are sections of non-coding DNA (once called "junk DNA") – i.e. they do not contain instructions for making proteins but are now believed to serve other important functions.

The genetic code The sequence of bases in a gene is a code instructing the cell how to construct a particular protein – i.e. the number of amino acids and the order in which they are to be assembled.

Reading the code The sequence of bases is read in groups of three called codons. Thus the sequence: AAGCCGTTTAGAGAGATTCCT Is read as: AAG CCG TTT AGA GAG ATT CCT Each codon represents one of the 20 different amino acids.

How DNA works National Human Genome Research Institute - NIH

Proteins are long chains of amino acids The sequence of bases in a gene is a code instructing the cell how to construct a particular protein – i.e. the number of amino acids and the order in which they are to be assembled.