Central Dogma of Molecular Biology From Genes to Protein

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Do Now:.  TRANSCRIPTION: process that makes an RNA copy of DNA.  RNA is single-stranded, and T is replaced by U (A-U; G-C)  RNA polymerase makes RNA,
Advertisements

Protein Synthesis $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100$100$100 $200 $300 $400 $500 Central Dogma Basics Transcription RNA Mutations FINAL ROUND Translation.
End Show Slide 1 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology Protein Synthesis: I will understand the general pathway of transcription and translation.
Review: The flow of genetic information in the cell is DNA  RNA  protein  The sequence of codons in DNA spells out the primary structure of a polypeptide.
CHAPTER 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene
Molecular Biology of the Gene PART 2 Debbi Ann Morrissette Graduate Student Researcher Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathogenesis University of California,
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 3 Cell Structures and Their Functions Dividing Cells.
Protein Synthesis Mrs. Harlin.
From gene to protein. DNA:nucleotides are the monomers Proteins: amino acids are the monomers DNA:in the nucleus Proteins:synthesized in cytoplasm.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
FROM GENE TO PROTEIN: TRANSCRIPTION & RNA PROCESSING Chapter 17.
8.4 DNA Transcription 8.5 Translation
RNA and Protein Synthesis. DNA to RNA to Protein Focus Questions: –How does the message coded in the base sequence of DNA eventually create a protein?
From Gene to Protein. Gene Expression Process by which DNA directs the synthesis of a protein 2 stages transcription translation All organisms One gene.
Microbial Genetics: DNA and RNA What chemical carries the genetic instructions in cells, and how is this chemical reproduced? How is this chemical used.
Protein Synthesis The production (synthesis) of polypeptide chains (proteins) Two phases: Transcription & Translation mRNA must be processed before it.
Chapter 13.2 (Pgs ): Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
1. RNA vs. DNA RNADNA TThe sugar is RIBOSE UURACIL (U) is substituted for (T) Thymine AA=U CC=G RRNA is a single stranded chain of nucleotides.
Transcription Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA from a section of DNA. Transcription of a gene starts from a region of DNA known as the promoter.
Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.  When DNA is transcribed, the result is an RNA molecule.  RNA is then translated into a sequence.
Protein Synthesis. The DNA Code It is a universal code. The order of bases along the DNA strand codes for the order in which amino acids are chemically.
Chapter 13: RNA and Protein Synthesis
Chapter 13.1 and 13.2 RNA, Ribosomes, and Protein Synthesis
RNA and Protein Synthesis
THE MOST IMPORTANT BIOLOGY LESSON OF THE YEAR How does DNA work?
What is the job of p53? What does a cell need to build p53? Or any other protein?
CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome Translation.
From Gene To Protein Chapter 17. From Gene to Protein The “Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” is DNA  RNA  protein Meaning that our DNA codes our RNA.
Chapter 17 Central Dogma of Molecular Biology From Genes to Protein One gene – one polypeptide hypothesis One gene dictates the production of a single.
Central Dogma DNA  RNA  Protein. …..Which leads to  Traits.
Protein Synthesis Transcription. DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus.
DNA: genes on chromosomes DNA is composed of nucleotides A Nucleotide has: - Deoxyribose Sugar - Phosphate - Nitrogen Base Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine.
RNA and Protein Synthesis
12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis The process of putting together amino acids to form proteins in the cell. The process of putting together amino acids to form proteins.
RNA (ribonucleic acid) – single stranded nucleotide chain – ribose sugar – G-C and A-U – Uracil instead of Thymine – Different types: – mRNA, tRNA, rRNA.
THE FLOW OF GENETIC INFORMATION FROM DNA TO RNA TO PROTEIN
Fig b6 Template strand RNA primer Okazaki fragment Overall direction of replication.
Human Anatomy & Physiology FIFTH EDITION Elaine N. Marieb PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Vince Austin Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.
3.A.1 DNA and RNA Part IV: Translation DNA, and in some cases RNA, is the primary source of heritable information. DNA, and in some cases RNA, is the primary.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings THE FLOW OF GENETIC INFORMATION FROM DNA TO RNA TO PROTEIN The DNA genotype is.
Gene Expression. Central Dogma Information flows from: DNA  RNA  Protein Exception: reverse transcriptase (retroviruses) RNA  DNA  RNA  Protein.
Do Now: On the “Modeling DNA Transcription & Translation” handout, figure out the compimentary DNA sequence AND the mRNA sequence.
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition Elaine N. Marieb PowerPoint ® Lecture.
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Microbial Genetics.  DNA replication is semi- conservative:  What does it mean? During cell division, each daughter cell inherits 2 DNA strands, One.
Protein Synthesis How genes work.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION. TRANSLATING THE GENETIC CODE ■GENES: CODED DNA INSTRUCTIONS THAT CONTROL THE PRODUCTION OF PROTEINS WITHIN.
Protein Synthesis Transcription. DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus.
Do Now: On the “Modeling DNA” handout, determine the complimentary DNA sequence and the mRNA sequence by using the sequence given.
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Chapter 9 Gene Expression and Regulation.
Transcription, Translation & Protein Synthesis Do you remember what proteins are made of ?  Hundreds of Amino Acids link  together to make one Protein.
A. True B. False. 1. All of your cells have different functions. If all of your cells have the same DNA, how do they differentiate from each other and.
DNA Structure. The Flow of Genetic Information from DNA to RNA to Protein –DNA functions as the inherited directions for a cell or organism. Copyright.
The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology DNA  RNA  Protein  Trait.
TOPIC 2.7 TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION. Nucleus: the control center  contains nuclear envelope, nucleoli, chromatin, and distinct compartments rich in.
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Protein Synthesis.
12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Page 300. A. Introduction 1. Chromosomes are a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of.
Chapter – 10 Part II Molecular Biology of the Gene - Genetic Transcription and Translation.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
Cell Physiology Protein Synthesis.
Protein Synthesis in Detail
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology From Genes to Protein
12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis
Central Dogma Central Dogma categorized by: DNA Replication Transcription Translation From that, we find the flow of.
Transcription & Translation
Central Dogma
RNA - TRANSLATION.
Transcription/ Translation Notes 16-17
GENE EXPRESSION / PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Presentation transcript:

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology From Genes to Protein Chapter 3, part C Central Dogma of Molecular Biology From Genes to Protein

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology mRNA Eukaryotic Cell ribosome Transcription: synthesis of mRNA from DNA by RNA polymerase protein - Two steps: 1. creating a 1o mRNA transcript 2. RNA processing (editing) to create 2o mRNA transcript Translation: ribosomes link together amino acids to create a polypeptide from the 2o mRNA code Polypeptide then coils into a specific 3-D shape to form a functional protein transcription mRNA 1o transcript RNA Processing mRNA 2o transcript ribosome translation polypeptide

Triplet-code Instructions for a polypeptide DNA A C C A A A C C G A G T Transcription U G G U U U G G C U C A mRNA Translation polypeptide trp phe gly ser

Figure 3.34b: An overview of transcription, p. 106. Coding strand RNA polymerase Unwinding of DNA Rewinding of DNA Template strand RNA nucleotides mRNA RNA-DNA hybrid region (b)

3 RNA Players Involved in Translation Central Dogma tRNA = type of RNA that carries the amino acids to the ribosome rRNA = RNA that, combined with protein, makes up the structural component of a ribosome mRNA = DNA transcript

Redundancy in AA Notice…several codons code for the same AA Redundancy helps to minimize errors in protein synthesis due to mutations

transcription and processing Figure 3.36: Translation, p. 108. Nucleus RNA polymerase mRNA 1 mRNA transcription and processing mRNA moves out of nucleus Template strand of DNA Amino acids Released mRNA ribosome tRNA Codon A U 2 Amino acid is attached to each species of tRNA by an enzyme U U U C G C C A U A C G G E P A G A U tRNA anticodon A A U Ile Ala 4 Phe Ile A growing polypeptide chain of amino acids is created Polypeptide eventually folds into a specific protein Ser 3 ribosome translates mRNA by moving along the mRNA and matching codons with anticodons of tRNA tRNA carry amino acids to be peptide bonded together Gly Met

Figure 3.37: Polyribosomes, p. 109. mRNA 1 1 2 Peptide chain Ribosome mRNA 2 3 1 Completed polypeptide 3 4 2 1 4 5 3 1 2 1 Ribosomal units (a) (b)

Figure 3.38: Information transfer from DNA to RNA, p. 110. molecule Gene 3 Gene 1 Gene 5 Triplets 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DNA base sequence (triplets) of the gene coding for the synthesis of a particular polypeptide chain Codons 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Base sequence (codons) of the transcribed mRNA Consecutive base sequences of tRNA anticodons capable of recognizing the mRNA codons calling for the amino acids they transport tRNA Amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain Met Pro Ser Leu Lys Gly Arg Phe Stop; detach Start

Watch these real-time videos on DNA transcription and translation…Totally Cool Dude!

Feedback: Privacy Policy Feedback
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
About project: SlidePlayer Terms of Service

© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc. All rights reserved.