Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.  When DNA is transcribed, the result is an RNA molecule.  RNA is then translated into a sequence.

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Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.  When DNA is transcribed, the result is an RNA molecule.  RNA is then translated into a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.

Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.  Triplets of bases Specify all the amino acids. Are called codons.

Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Transcription: From DNA to RNA  In transcription, Genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA. An RNA molecule is transcribed from a DNA template. Transcription

Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Initiation of Transcription  The “start transcribing” signal is a nucleotide sequence called a promoter.  The first phase of transcription is initiation: RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter. RNA synthesis begins.

Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. RNA Elongation  The second phase of transcription is elongation: The RNA grows longer.

Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Termination of Transcription  The third phase of transcription is termination: RNA polymerase reaches a sequence of DNA bases called a terminator.

Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. The Processing of Eukaryotic RNA  The eukaryotic cell processes the RNA after transcription.

Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Translation: The Players  Translation Is the conversion from the nucleic acid language to the protein language.

Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Messenger RNA (mRNA)  mRNA Is the first ingredient for translation.

Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Transfer RNA (tRNA)  tRNA Acts as a molecular interpreter. Carries amino acids. Matches amino acids with codons in mRNA using anticodons.

Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Ribosomes  Ribosomes Are organelles that actually make polypeptides. Are made up of two protein subunits. Contain ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Translation

Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Translation

Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Translation

Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Translation

Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Translation

Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Translation

Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Translation

Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Translation

Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Review: DNA  RNA  Protein  The flow of genetic information in a cell