Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) What is significant to climb and cruising performance with respect to aircraft load distribution? 2) With forward loading, what type of trim is required in most aircraft to maintain level cruising flight? 3) With aft loading and “nose-down” trim, the tail surfaces exert more or less down load. 4) What happens to an aircraft’s ability to recovery from a stall in any aircraft if the CG moves aft? 5) What should a pilot consult for information on stall speeds, load factors, and other important aircraft data? Warm-Up – 12/17 – 10 minutes

Questions / Comments

Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) What is significant to climb and cruising performance with respect to aircraft load distribution?. 2) With forward loading, what type of trim is required in most aircraft to maintain level cruising flight? 3) With aft loading and “nose-down” trim, the tail surfaces exert more or less down load. 4) What happens to an aircraft’s ability to recovery from a stall in any aircraft if the CG moves aft? 5) What should a pilot consult for information on stall speeds, load factors, and other important aircraft data? Warm-Up – 12/17 – 10 minutes

Effect of Load Distribution The effect of the position of the CG on the load imposed on an aircraft’s wing in flight is significant to climb and cruising performance.

Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) What is significant to climb and cruising performance with respect to aircraft load distribution? 2) With forward loading, what type of trim is required in most aircraft to maintain level cruising flight? 3) With aft loading and “nose-down” trim, the tail surfaces exert more or less down load. 4) What happens to an aircraft’s ability to recovery from a stall in any aircraft if the CG moves aft? 5) What should a pilot consult for information on stall speeds, load factors, and other important aircraft data? Warm-Up – 12/17 – 10 minutes

Effect of Load Distribution With forward loading, “nose- up” trim is required in most aircraft to maintain level cruising flight. Nose-up trim involves setting the tail surfaces to produce a greater down load on the aft portion of the fuselage, which adds to the wing loading and the total lift required from the wing if altitude is to be maintained.

Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) What is significant to climb and cruising performance with respect to aircraft load distribution? 2) With forward loading, what type of trim is required in most aircraft to maintain level cruising flight? 3) With aft loading and “nose-down” trim, the tail surfaces exert more or less down load. 4) What happens to an aircraft’s ability to recovery from a stall in any aircraft if the CG moves aft? 5) What should a pilot consult for information on stall speeds, load factors, and other important aircraft data? Warm-Up – 12/17 – 10 minutes

Effect of Load Distribution With aft loading and “nose- down” trim, the tail surfaces exert less down load, relieving the wing of that much wing loading and lift required to maintain altitude. The required AOA of the wing is less, so the drag is less, allowing for a faster cruise speed.

Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) What is significant to climb and cruising performance with respect to aircraft load distribution?. 2) With forward loading, what type of trim is required in most aircraft to maintain level cruising flight? 3) With aft loading and “nose-down” trim, the tail surfaces exert more or less down load. 4) What happens to an aircraft’s ability to recovery from a stall in any aircraft if the CG moves aft? 5) What should a pilot consult for information on stall speeds, load factors, and other important aircraft data? Warm-Up – 12/17 – 10 minutes

Effect of Load Distribution The recovery from a stall in any aircraft becomes progressively more difficult as its CG moves aft. This is particularly important in spin recovery, as there is a point in rearward loading of any aircraft at which a “flat” spin develops.

Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) What is significant to climb and cruising performance with respect to aircraft load distribution? 2) With forward loading, what type of trim is required in most aircraft to maintain level cruising flight? 3) With aft loading and “nose-down” trim, the tail surfaces exert more or less down load. 4) What happens to an aircraft’s ability to recovery from a stall in any aircraft if the CG moves aft? 5) What should a pilot consult for information on stall speeds, load factors, and other important aircraft data? Warm-Up – 12/17 – 10 minutes

Chapter Summary For information on stall speeds, load factors, and other important aircraft data, always consult the AFM/POH for specific information pertaining to the aircraft being flown.

Questions / Comments

 December 17  1903 — First sustained controlled flight in a powered aircraft. On the morning of December 17, 1903, Wilbur and Orville Wright took turns piloting and monitoring their flying machine in Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina.  Orville piloted the first flight that lasted just 12 seconds and 120 feet.  On the fourth and final flight of the day, Wilbur traveled 852 feet, remaining airborne for 59 seconds THIS DAY IN AVIATION

 December 17  That morning, the brothers became the first people to demonstrate sustained flight of a heavier-than-air machine under the complete control of the pilot.  They built their 1903 glider in sections in the back room of their Dayton, Ohio, bicycle shop. THIS DAY IN AVIATION

 December 17  1903 — That afternoon, the Wright brothers walked the four miles to Kitty Hawk and sent a telegram to their father, Bishop Milton Wright, back home in Dayton, Ohio:  “Success four flights Thursday morning all against twenty one mile wind started from level with engine power alone average speed through air thirty one miles longest 57 seconds inform Press home Christmas." THIS DAY IN AVIATION

 December 17  1935 — The first flight of the Douglas DC-3 took place.  As one of the toughest aircraft of all-time, 10,655 were made, with hundreds still flying commercially at the turn of the century. THIS DAY IN AVIATION

 December 17  1947 — The first flight of the Boeing B-47 “Stratojet” bomber took place. THIS DAY IN AVIATION

 December 17  1969 — The United States Air Force closes “Project Blue Book,” its 22-year investigation into sightings of unidentified flying objects, or UFO's. THIS DAY IN AVIATION

 December 17  1973 — Palestinian guerrillas storm a terminal in Rome, Italy, throwing grenades and spraying automatic fire on Pan Am Flight 110 (Boeing 707, N407PA).  The resulting flames kill several on the aircraft. THIS DAY IN AVIATION

 December 17  1973 — The terrorists also hijack a Lufthansa 737 on the ramp, taking it and several Italian hostages on commanded flights to Greece, Syria and finally Kuwait, where the hostages are finally freed and the hijackers given to the custody of the PLO.  In the end, 30 people die. THIS DAY IN AVIATION

 December 17  1994 — The Lockheed C-5 “Galaxy” sets a national record after taking off with the maximum payload of all time at 920,836 pounds. THIS DAY IN AVIATION

 December 17  2003 — Burt Rutan's “SpaceShipOne” becomes the first privately designed and manufactured manned aircraft to exceed the speed of sound. THIS DAY IN AVIATION

Questions / Comments

SUNDAYMONDAYTUESDAYWEDNESDAYTHURSDAYFRIDAYSATURDAY 123 Chapter 4 Torque 45 Chapter 4 Load Factors Chapter 4 Load Factors / Stalling Speeds 1011 Chapter 4 Load Factors Turns / Weight Balance 1213 Chapter 4 Weight Balance Load Distribution Flightline Friday Chapter 4 TEST 1819 Chapter 5 Flight Controls NO SCHOOL 24 NO SCHOOL 25 NO SCHOOL 26 NO SCHOOL 27 NO SCHOOL NO SCHOOL 31 NO SCHOOL December 2013

Questions / Comments

Chapter 4 – Aerodynamics of Flight FAA – Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge TEST

Questions / Comments

Lesson Closure - 3 – List 3 things you learned today. 1. Create (1) quiz question with answer about today’s lesson. 2. List 2 things you have questions about today’s lesson.