China Amateur Radio Disaster Communication Review For GAREC-2009 CRSA, 2009/08, Tokyo Composed by BA1RB, CRSA representative in IARU R3 Disaster Communications Committee

Agenda  Brief Recall of the big disaster  Current situation  Next action

14:28 BJT, 12 May 2008, A magnitude-8.0 earthquake hit China’s Sichuan area. Wenchuan City, Center of quake 31d28.7’N 103d34.8’E Chengdu City, Capital of Suchuan Province 103 km from quake center

69,227 died and 374,643 injured in the disaster

80-90% of houses were crashed.

Amateur radio operators help to provide emergency communication

Important actions immediately taken by amateur radio operators DateTimePlaceActions :28Chengdu City The earthquake hits Sichuan, 2-3 minutes later, the amateur radio network turned to emergency communication status. Some part of the repeater system damaged but still working MHz and MHz was used for emergency communication. BG8AAS, BG8AAK, BG8BX worked as network controller. The repeater covered 100Km radius :45Chengdu City Amateur radio operators used HF to communicated with other amateur radio operators outside Sichuan, gathering information from internet to locate the center of the earthquake area Aftern oon Chengdu City Xiang Yong, BG8CVE drove from Chengdu to the center of earthquake area immediately. Zhang Zhen, BG8DOU also reported, 2 amateur radio operators drove to center of earthquake area.

Important actions immediately taken by amateur radio operators (Cont.) DateTimePlaceActions Eveni ng Chengdu City Liu Xu, BG8AAS reported to Sichuan radio administration bureau, setup “Sichuan amateur radio emergency communication network command center”. Pei Dan, BG8DG and He Chang, BG8BXcontrolled the network Evenin g Mianzhu City The Hanwang town has no message sent out. BD8AAI, BG8BES led a team to help build the communication. At evening, more operators came, setup a repeater and give several handheld V/U transceivers there Evenin g Mianzhu City Heavy rain. Amateur radio communication vehicle parked in front of government disaster relief center, The Mayor of Mianzhu used amateur radio equipment to communicate with vice Mayor and secretary, who was in front line.

Important actions immediately taken by amateur radio operators (Cont.) DateTimePlaceActions Chengdu City The emergency repeater in Mianzhu city continuously provide communication for the Mayor, and report status Mianzhu City The repeater in Chengdu kept busy for traffic handling, guide to transport injured people. Another repeater was setup in Mianzhu, but finally retired because of short of gasoline. After Sichuan The “Sichuan amateur radio emergency communication network command center” act as communication hub to connect local V/UHF network, and report status in HF band. The command center also coordinate the instructions for CRSA, CRCF etc. Amateur radio operators came from Chengdu, Beijing, Shenzhen, Zhengzhou and Nanjing etc. provided equipments and facilities to help build communication and transport goods, medicines and injured people.

IARU R3 Chairman Michael Owen VK3KI introduced Sichuan earthquake and Chinese amateur radio disaster communication in 2008 GAREC

Proposed by Bob, W6RGG, ARRL awarded the 2008 humanitarian award to CRSA member and Sichuan amateur radio operators Bob Vallio, W6RGG, Director, Pacific Division,ARRL David Patton, NN1N, Award Manager, ARRL

ARRL awarded 2008 International Humanitarian Award to CRSA

The amateur radio in Sichuan province are also awarded

CRSA held the 2009 annual member meeting in Sichuan to commemorate the big disaster

Agenda  Brief Recall of the big disaster  Current situation  Next action

China issued the “Emergency Response Law of the People's Republic of China” in 2007  The Law was issued in 30 Aug 2007 and effective from 1st Nov Table of Content Chapter 1 General provisions Chapter 2 Prevention and preparation Chapter 3 Monitor and alert Chapter 4 Emergency disposal and rescue Chapter 5 Relief and rebuild Chapter 6 Law responsibilities Chapter 7 Appendix  The emergency situation consist of Nature disaster, Accident, Public health disaster, Social security disaster.

Other emergency communication trends International Telecommunication Union Mobile public communication services Professional Emcom network Satellite communication network Future system

ITU （ International Telecommunication Union ） ITU-T Telecommunication standardization of network and service aspects ITU-R Radiocommunication standardization and global radio spectrum management ITU-D Assisting implementation and operation of telecommunications in developing countries 191 Member States +700 Sector Members ITU Helping the World Communicate

Disaster phases and the radio services involved Disaster prediction and detection – meteorological and Earth exploration satellite services Disaster prediction and detection – meteorological and Earth exploration satellite services Disaster alerting – broadcasting, fixed, mobile and related satellite services Disaster alerting – broadcasting, fixed, mobile and related satellite services Disaster relief – Amateur, broadcasting, fixed, mobile and related satellite services Disaster relief – Amateur, broadcasting, fixed, mobile and related satellite services

Status of studies – needs of future systems Report ITU-R M.2033 “Radiocommunication objectives and requirements for public protection and disaster relief (PPDR)” Defines objectives and needs for the implementation of future PPDR solutions Defines objectives and needs for the implementation of future PPDR solutions Focuses on operational needs around 2010 Focuses on operational needs around 2010

Resolution 646 (WRC-03) Recommends use of regionally harmonized bands : Region 1: MHz as the frequency range within which the band 380 ‑ 385/390 ‑ 395 MHz is a preferred core harmonized band for permanent public protection activities within certain countries of Region 1; Region 1: MHz as the frequency range within which the band 380 ‑ 385/390 ‑ 395 MHz is a preferred core harmonized band for permanent public protection activities within certain countries of Region 1; Region 2: MHz, MHz, MHz; Region 2: MHz, MHz, MHz; Region 3: MHz, MHz, / MHz, ‑ MHz and MHz. Region 3: MHz, MHz, / MHz, ‑ MHz and MHz. Encourages administrations to facilitate cross- border circulation of radio equipment intended for use in disaster relief situations Encourages administrations to facilitate cross- border circulation of radio equipment intended for use in disaster relief situations

Status of studies – Amateur involvement Recommendation ITU-R M “Disaster communications in the amateur and amateur-satellite services” Encourages the development of robust, flexible and independent amateur service and amateur-satellite service networks, capable of providing communications during disasters and relief operations Encourages the development of robust, flexible and independent amateur service and amateur-satellite service networks, capable of providing communications during disasters and relief operations

Public Mobile communication network emergency communication solution  Contingency Plan  Contingency base station  Super base station  Group business  News broadcasting  Space-Ground integration

Satellite emergency communication network Space – Ground integration mobile network LEO constellation (Orbcomm……)

New developing / Future Technologies AVCS(Aerial Vehicles Comm Sys) HALO-Proteus （ US ）

New developing / Future Technologies(Cont.) HAPS (High Altitude Platform Station)

HAPS StratSat （ UK ） Stratpspheric PL. （ JP ） Sky Station （ US ） Capanina （ EU ） SkyTower （ US ） Heliplat （ I ）

The position of amateur radio emergency communication in disaster relief 1 ， Part of the disaster relief system; 2 ， A supplemental of national emergency communication; 3 ， The prerequisite to function well: Available Non-Governmental communication resources Popularizing communication technology The amateur spirit 4 ， The most valuable things can provide: In very short time to report disaster situation In very short time provide self relief communication

Agenda  Brief Recall of the big disaster  Current situation  Next action

Action 1 – make amateur radio activity popular  This is the basic factor that amateur radio operators can serve for disaster relief.  In the Sichuan earthquake there was a hamradio operator (Mr. Tian, BG8FA) in Hanwang town – one of the center area – his equipments was entirely damaged – fortunately, his family were all survived in the big disaster.

Mr. Tian, BG8FA lived in the ground floor of this building, his equipment was entirely damaged by the big earthquake 内容

Action 2 – Setup practice standard for amateur radio emergency operation  Enhance CRSA emergency communication exercises.  Setup operation standard for emergency communication, Jiangsu province has the first step  Corporate with government and social disaster relief forces.  International experience sharing. CRSA participated all SET proposed by IARU R1 Actively involve in GAREC meeting  Practice on standard emergency communication frequencies

Action 3 – Focus on normal preparation  Basic communication skills education  Enhance corporation with government disaster relief department  Local communication self training  Building VHF/UHF emergency networking skills  Research amateur radio emergency repeater technology  Research amateur radio direction finding rescue technology

Action 4 – Develop technologies and solve problems  200Km stable communication  Solve skip problem  Stable reporting to command center  Digital signal alert  Weak signal / Low power communication

200Km stable communication With “Emergency Response Law of the People's Republic of China”, when disaster occurs, the situation should report to provincial center which normally about Km far away Develop VHF/UHF repeater system to cover these areas in east developed region. By using HF, need high angle radiation antenna while to consider HF absorb by D and E layer.

Loop antenna and high angle antenna

Solve skip problem Relayed by remote station, the Km station can use HF to communicate

Solve skip problem (Cont.)

Stable reporting to command center By setup about 5 stations national wide, and link them by VOIP technology such as Echo Link, the command center can easily communicate to the stations in the disaster center.

Stable reporting to command center(Cont.) XCVRPC XCVRPC XCVRPC XCVRPC XCVR ServerPC Internet Station X Station 3 Station 1 Station 2 System admin Listener Stations in disaster center Sound card Link to internet Interface PC XCVR Control （ Audio ） System admin

Digital signal alert The digital signal such as RTTY or PSK can transmit characters (including Chinese double byte characters), make the message less distortion. To setup national wide monitoring system under certain protocol, the digital HF/VHF alert system even can be observed from internet!

Digital signal alert(Cont.) The Warbler 80m PSK transceiver. BA5AG has modified the schematic diagram to easily fit in China.

Digital signal alert(Cont.) The KN-Q8 made by BA6BF. It is a very small yet full function rig for 40-20m, convenient for field use.

Digital signal alert(Cont.) By using pocketDigi, integrate with KN-Q8, it’s easy to transmit Chinese Characters by using PSK31.

Weak signal / Low power communication Given the power limit and antenna status, low power stations should be took into consideration. Weak signal processing is of vital importance in disaster communication. JT65/FSK144/QRSS technology are worth to apply in this area.

Weak signal / Low power communication(Cont.)

We gain the experiences from LF and EME practices Spectogram Spectran I2PHD IK2CZL EasyGram OK1FIG Argo I2PHD IK2CZL Spectrum Lab DL4YHF Crunch VE2IQ QRS ON7YD Jason I2PHD WOLF/GUI KK7KA DL4YHF

谢谢各位！ Thanks Produced by CRSA