African American History

I. Southern Cotton Kingdom A. Rise of the Cotton Kingdom Area south of PA and north of SC and east of the Appalachian Mts. was known as the_____________. By 1850 the population shifted inland and south to the area known as the ___________. 3. After 1800 – main crop of Southern States was _______. Upper South Deep South cotton

B. Industry in the South Cotton Gin enslaved a. ___________ aids production from field to northern mills. enslaved * Value of _________ people greater because they’re needed to harvest cotton and sugar cane. B. Industry in the South 1. Region predominantly ________. 2. Capital used to invest in ______________. 3. Large percent of population were _______ with no impact on local economies. 4. The Tredegar Iron Works of ________________ was a leading producer of iron. rural land, slaves slaves Richmond, Virginia

II. Life in the South A. Life on the Small Farms 5. The three largest cities were: _________________, ________________________, _____________________. Baltimore, Maryland Charleston, South Carolina New Orleans, Louisiana 6. Development of cotton in the West led to the new states of: ____________________________. Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas Natural waterways a.__________________ were the major source of transportation. b. By _____ only one-third of U.S. ________ lie within the South. 1860 rail lines II. Life in the South A. Life on the Small Farms

a. Farmers without slaves were known as _________ and generally grew crops both for their own use and to sell or trade. b. ______________ rented land or worked on landlords’ estates. yeomen Tenant farmers B. Plantations a. About 12 percent of Southern plantation owners held more than _____ of the enslaved workers, while about half of the planters held fewer than five enslaved workers. b. To receive the best prices, planters often sold their cotton to agents of cotton ___________. half exchanges

watching over enslaved workers i. The agents extended ______ to the planters and held the cotton until prices rose. credit ii. This system kept planters in ______ because they did not receive payment until the agents sold the cotton. debt c. Plantation wives were generally in charge of ____________________________, tending them when they were ill, and supervising the plantation’s buildings and fruit and vegetable gardens. d. Enslaved people did many kinds of work on a plantation, but most were ___________. watching over enslaved workers field hands

C. City Life and Education With the coming of the _________, many cities began to grow as centers of trade. b. Cities provided free African Americans the opportunity to form their own _____________. railroads communities c. Those who could afford it often sent their children to ______________. d. Even when _____________ were established, many children did not attend because of the great distances to travel. private schools public schools

III. The Peculiar Institution A. Life Under Slavery 1. Family Life – early 1800’s U.S. law did not protect _________ families. 1.__________ between slaves wasn’t recognized. enslaved marriage 2. Providing ________ was a ________ of relatives and friends creating an______________. stability network extended family

B. Resisting Slavery 1808 slave trade 2. African American Culture a. ______ Congress outlawed the ___________. 1808 slave trade b. Native born African Americans continued to practice their culture. 3. African American Christianity a. A religion of ____________________. i. _________ gave them an outlet for their passionate beliefs and allowed them to ____________ with one another. hope and resistance Spirituals communicate B. Resisting Slavery 1. ____________ in Southern states were created to prevent rebellion. Slave Codes

a. Violent rebellion by _________ led to stricter codes after 1831. b a. Violent rebellion by _________ led to stricter codes after 1831. b. Many other rebellions failed. Nat Turner C. Escaping Slavery 1. _______________ and __________________ both escaped slavery to freedom in the North. Harriet Tubman Frederick Douglass Fugitive slaves ______________ risked capture and return. 3. Ultimate freedom was ________ where slavery was outlawed in _____. Canada 1834

IV. Abolitionists A. Early Efforts to End Slavery William Lloyd Garrison 1. _____________________ a white man and __________________, an escaped slave – were two well known abolitionists who sought to end slavery. Frederick Douglass Benjamin Lundy 2. Men like _______________, a Quaker, spread their antislavery message through newspapers. 3. American ___________ _______ Colonization Society 1816 Formed in ______ to purchase slaves to send them _______ to start new lives. Created the African nation of ________ along the west coast. abroad Liberia

B. The New Abolitionists (after _____) 1830 1. Its name means “________________.” 2. Failed to _____ the growth of slavery iii. Most African Americans wanted _________ in American society. Place of freedom halt freedom B. The New Abolitionists (after _____) 1830 William Lloyd Garrison founded “____________” his well known newspaper in 1831. i. The ___________________ he started numbered more than _____________by 1838. 2._________________________ were among the first women who spoke out. i. Angelina’s husband, Theodore Weld wrote American Slavery As It Is in 1839. The Liberator antislavery societies 1,000 chapters Sarah and Angelina Grimke

The ___________ _______ aided escaped slaves. Freedom’s Journal 3. _________________ was the first African American newspaper. 4. 1830 first abolitionist ___________ of free African Americans – held in ____________. convention Philadelphia 5. Escaped slave __________________ published the __________. 6. _______________ an excellent speaker, dedicated her life to ending slavery and working for women’s rights. Frederick Douglass “North Star” Sojourner Truth The ___________ _______ aided escaped slaves. 1. The ___________________ of 1850 required escaped slaves be returned to their owners. Underground Railroad Fugitive Slave Act

V. Slavery and the West A. The Missouri Compromise Slave hunters a. _______________ worked to return escaped slaves. 2. Harriet Tubman was known as the “______________________” because of her work on the Underground Railroad. Slave hunters Moses of her people V. Slavery and the West A. The Missouri Compromise Missouri was admitted to the Union as a _______ state. b. Maine was admitted as a ______ state. slave free

B. Nullification Alien & Sedition Acts tariffs South Carolina lowered a. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798-1799 declared that the Federalists’ ______________________ (laws) were unconstitutional. Alien & Sedition Acts b. The nullification issue was raised again in the 1820s and 1830s by Southerners over the issue of protective _________. tariffs South Carolina 1. In 1832 ________________ voted for an Ordinance of Nullification against Congress’s newly passed tariff. John C. Calhoun of SC 2. In an 1833 compromise, the tariff was __________ and the Ordinance of Nullification withdrawn. lowered

C. New Western Lands Texas Wilmot Proviso John C. Calhoun a. _______, where slavery existed, became a state in 1845. Wilmot Proviso b. The _________________ specified that slavery should be prohibited in any lands acquired from Mexico. John C. Calhoun c. __________________ believed that government could not ban or regulate slavery. Free Soil Party d. The ________________ was born out of the failure of the Democratic and Whig 1848 presidential candidates to take a stand on slavery.  1848 Presidential Campaign Poster- Free Soil Party –Candidates: Martin VanBuren & Charles Adams

D. The Search for Compromise California a. ___________ would be admitted as a free state. b. The New Mexico territory would have no restrictions on _________. slavery c. The New Mexico-Texas border dispute would be settled in favor of______________. New Mexico d. The slave trade, but not slavery itself, would be abolished in the _____________________. District of Columbia fugitive e. A stronger _________ slave law would be enacted. The End!