The Digital Media Project (PALWS)1 The Digital Media Project Leonardo Chiariglione Presentation to DMP Workshop on Analogue Legacies Barcelona, ES – 2004/10/25

The Digital Media Project (PALWS)2 Content media Content media have always played an important role in society Waves of technologies have been deployed to create, publish, distribute, use content media Hosts of middlemen set up business to manage an increasingly complex infrastructure Public Authorities have played a double role: tight control in some cases (public service) and hands off in others Digital has changed everything –20 years ago the Compact Disc Nothing more than “better” music on “better” disc –Since 10 years DSP, digital networks and PC People’s attitude vis-à-vis content have changed

The Digital Media Project (PALWS)3 10 years after the beginning of the digital media age… Scarcity – the business enabler of analogue media – has turned into abundance –Traditional business models are undermined Users can get perfect digital content media inexpensively or even for free –The perceived value of content media has changed Common sense suggests some of those means should be outright illegal –Applying laws from a different era clashes with common sense We live in a "Wild Wild West" of digital media –Some value-chains find it difficult to sustain their business Creators and Rights Holders risk losing the means to be compensated for their efforts –Society may lose the ability to continue getting new content

The Digital Media Project (PALWS)4 Great confusion under heaven means great opportunities (Mao Ze Dong) Different corporate agendas –Protect traditional roles –Expand traditional roles –Create new roles Common tool to further corporate agendas –Protect/expand/create value-chains using proprietary technologies Does it work? –Jury is still out on viability of this model applied to distribution to end-users in a competitive environment –If you limit end-users’ “freedom of choice” they will cling to “free content” –If you tighten legal actions you will create a social problem

The Digital Media Project (PALWS)5 The Digital Media Project Launched as Digital Media Manifesto in Jul 2003 Manifesto published in Sep 2003 – Digital Media Project established in Dec 2003 – The basic DMP position –Digital technologies are an asset of mankind –Creators, end-users and the multitude of other value- chain users should benefit from them –This goal can be achieved by standardising Appropriate protocols between value-chain users At suitably identified interfaces The above is the DMP “Interoperable DRM” proposition

The Digital Media Project (PALWS)6 Devising a strategy DMP specifications should enable innovation of value- chains DMP cannot standardise protocols for –Functions performed in today’s value-chain We do not know if today’s value-chain will continue to exist –Functions performed in future value-chains We do not know what future value-chains will be DMP can only standardise protocols for Primitive Functions performed by value-chain users –Today’s Functions are a combination of Primitive Functions –Primitive Functions are “re-used" in different Functions –The Functions performed by future value-chain users will consist of Different combinations of today’s Primitive Functions and New Primitive Functions

The Digital Media Project (PALWS)7 Basic Primitive Functions (July 2004) Identify (Data, User, Device, Content Format, Device Capability) Represent (Content, Rights Expression, Use Data) Authenticate (User, Device) Verify (Data Integrity, Device Integrity) Certify (User, Device) Manage (Key, Domain, Device Capability, Use Data Confidentiality) Process (Encrypt, Copy, Move, Backup, Restore, Export, Import, Render) Pay

The Digital Media Project (PALWS)8 More Primitive Functions (October 2004) Identify (License, Use Context, Domain) Assign (Identifier, Description) Revoke (Domain ID) Certify (Author, Work) Process (Access, Store, Play, Bind) Test Conformance (Rights Expressions, Enforcement of Rights Expressions, Tamper Resistance)

The Digital Media Project (PALWS)9 An example Primitive Function “Assign Descriptors” CMS: Collective Management Societies SMP: Sheet Music Publishers NB: Words beginning with capital letter are defined by DMP0178

The Digital Media Project (PALWS)10 Process to identify Primitive Functions Primitive Functions of July 2004 have been identified by contributions to DMP (DMP0146) DMP0146 has been widely circulated More contributions have been received from –Public service broadcasters –Collective management societies –Sheet music publishers Contributions have been integrated in DMP0176 Further contributions have been received from –End-users (people with disabilities) –Telecommunication companies A new document will be created October

The Digital Media Project (PALWS)11 Implementing the strategy Call for Proposals on “Portable Audio and Video Devices” –Issued in July 2004 –Requirements are in DMP0146 –1 st working draft in October 2004 –Specification to be published in April 2005 Call for Proposals on “Interoperable DRM Platform” –Requirements under development –Call to be issued in October 2004 –Specification to be published in October 2005

The Digital Media Project (PALWS)12 Feature and benefits of DMP specifications Features –Specifications are “tool-kit”, i.e. they are not monolithic (application-specific) –Specifications will enable an ecosystem of competing interoperable products Benefits –A variety of business model can be supported –The scope of value-chains can be augmented in a scalable way –Interoperability with other value-chains is enhanced

The Digital Media Project (PALWS)13 Conformance Value-chains are the result of business agreements by value-chain users that are supported by a set of technologies In the case of DMP value-chain users can get the technology from multiple sources To be in business each party in an agreement must have the means to ascertain that the other parties employ conforming products DMP will develop Recommended Practices for End-to-End Conformance to be published in July 2006 Value-chain users can reference the document in their business agreements

The Digital Media Project (PALWS)14 DRM is more than technology Example: Rights Expression Languages are a key element of DMP specifications Let’s consider the case of a producer who wants to use the work of an author to produce a piece of content. –The set of rights he acquires cannot be extended “beyond” those he has received –This applies in turn to all the value-chain users to whom the piece of content is licensed This possibility conflicts with “Traditional Rights and Usages” enjoyed in the analogue age DMP specifications will be objected to if not rejected if these conflicts are not resolved

The Digital Media Project (PALWS)15 Coming to terms with the past DMP is developing “Recommended Action on Mapping of Traditional Rights and Usages (TRU) to the Digital Space” –A large number of Traditional Rights and Usages have been collected/analysed –Call for Contributions to be published in Oct 2004 –“Recommended Action” to be published in Oct 2005 The Recommended Action will –Provide a neutral description of the potential problems arising in the use of DMP specifications –Outline scenarios enabled by specific technical and legal choices.

The Digital Media Project (PALWS)16 The first 10 TRUs TRU 01 to quote TRU 02 to make personal copy TRU 03 to space shift content TRU 04 to time shift content TRU 05 to make playback device TRU 06 to choose playback device TRU 07 to use content whose copyright has expired TRU 08to communicate privately TRU 09 to publish content anonymously TRU 10 to use content anonymously

The Digital Media Project (PALWS)17 TRU #55 to access content in libraries Description –The ability to access content in libraries when it is available. In the digital space libraries are called Repositories. Scenario #1 –Type of support: Repositories supply Basic Content search services Pointers to Content offered by other sources are provided Content as Governed Content when no other source is available Content for which Repositories hold the copyright Content as Ungoverned Content when copyright has expired

The Digital Media Project (PALWS)18 Value-Chain Users’ Roles-Advantages-Disadvantages Repositories –Role: Offer End-Users means to Access “all” Content Retailers –Advantages: Content is promoted by Repositories End-Users –Advantages Can Access “all” Content, not necessarily for free Can Access for free –Certain types of Content –If he is a certain type of User Public Authorities –Role: Offer Access to Content in the Repositories to particular classes of Users –Advantages: Achieve social ends

The Digital Media Project (PALWS)19 Another Recommended Action “Phasing out Analogue Legacies” The analogue world had different constraints than a “DMP-enabled” world Some laws, regulations, practices etc. that made sense in the analogue world may no longer make sense in a “DMP-enabled” world –E.g. some TRUs… DMP, as the developer of its technical specifications, has the technical competence to assist a revisitation of the role analogue legacies, e.g. –What is “private copy” in a “DMP-enabled” world? –What are territorial restrictions in a “DMP-enabled” world?

The Digital Media Project (PALWS)20 More Recommended Actions Deployment of Broadband Access to identify –The obstacles that prevent deployment of broadband access –Which DMP features are capable of supporting rich digital media Development of and Access to Standards to make –A survey the most serious obstacles that prevent the effective use of new technologies –Proposals to improve the way standards are developed –Proposals to improve the way standards can be accessed by industry users

The Digital Media Project (PALWS)21 Read more at