Measurement & Uncertainty. FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITYSI SYSTEM ENGLISH SYSTEM Mass kilogram (kg) oz, lb, ton Distance meter (m) in, ft, yd, mi TemperatureKelvin.

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Presentation transcript:

Measurement & Uncertainty

FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITYSI SYSTEM ENGLISH SYSTEM Mass kilogram (kg) oz, lb, ton Distance meter (m) in, ft, yd, mi TemperatureKelvin (K) °F Timesecond (s or sec) sec, min, hr, day Amountmole (mol) DERIVED QUANTITY (derived from the fundamental quantities above) Area (distance)2 m 2 in 2, ft 2 Volume (distance)3 m 3, L in 3, yd 3 Velocity (distance/time)m/smi/hr Density (mass/volume) g/L lb/in 3 *See table 1.5 for metric prefixes! (Know Pico through Mega)

Temperature Scales Celsius to Kelvin conversion: TK = T°C Kelvin to Celsius conversion: T°C = TK Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion: T°C = (T°F - 32) ÷ 1.8 Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion: T°F = (1.8 T°C) + 32

Accuracy & Precision Accuracy - how close the measurement is to the “true” value Precision – how close individual measurements are to each other.

Accuracy PERCENTAGE ERROR (PE) observed value - accepted (true) value = X 100% accepted (true) value

How many significant digits are there? cm m sec 1.54 x m mm 5003 km 100. L 5000 mL

Addition & Subtraction 10.0 cm mL

Multiplying & Dividing m m/s

Dimensional Analysis A problem solving method using a series of multiplications and divisions Multiply by fractions called “conversion factors” ALL conversion factors are equal to 1 There is a table of conversion factors in the back cover of your textbook STEPS OF DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS 1)put the given AND the given unit on the left 2)arrange conversion factors (fractions) to cancel ALL units EXCEPT the required unit For fractional units (m/sec)– work one unit at a time For units to powers (m 3 ) – take the ENTIRE conversion factor to that power