© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The World of Music 7 th edition Part 4 Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 12: Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 12 Music of the Romantic Period Attributes of the Romantic Period Revolution Capitalism Emotion Imagination A Desire to be Different Nationalism

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 12 Music of the Romantic Period Changes in Musical Life Patronage System in Decline Composers must Promote Themselves Creates need for: Concert Managers (Impresarios) Music Publishers Music Critics Virtuosi Become Celebrities Much Music too Difficult for Amateurs Creates need for Teachers

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 12 Music of the Romantic Period Absolute and Program Music Absolute Classical Music for its own sake No intended imagery Characteristic of: Sonata Symphony Concerto Program Depicts: Moods Images Stories Characters Reflects interest in poetry

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 12 Music of the Romantic Period Characteristics of Romantic Music Programmatic Lyrical Melodies Chromaticism Dissonance Emotional Complex Rhythms Syncopated Irregular Bigger (and more Varied) Orchestras

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 12 Music of the Romantic Period Forms of the Romantic Period Sonata Common, but less Strict Symphonic Poem Stage Forms Overture Prelude Suite Incidental Music Many Different Chamber Groups

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 12 Music of the Romantic Period Opera in the Romantic Period Composers Verdi Wagner Rossini Puccini Richard Strauss Great Variety in Size and Subjects Romantic Operas Still Performed Today

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 12 Music of the Romantic Period Ballet Originally Part of Opera Features Dancing Solo Ensemble Famous Tchaikovsky Ballets Sleeping Beauty Swan Lake The Nutcracker

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 12 Music of the Romantic Period Keyboard Music New Miniature Forms Character Pieces Solo (Voice) Song with Piano Expressive Lyrical and Dramatic Technically Demanding Chopin Miniature Forms Impromptu Nocturne Mazurka Polonaise Prelude Waltz Étude

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 12 Music of the Romantic Period Songs Solo Voice with Piano Usually Short Schubert Wrote over 600 Songs Frequently used words of German Poets Highly Expressive Often Strophic

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 12 Music of the Romantic Period Johannes Brahms (1833–1897) German Traditionalist Traits of his Music Passionate Introspective Rich/Dark Lyrical Complex Rhythms Intricate Polyphony Mostly Absolute Output 4 Symphonies 1 Violin Concerto 2 Piano Concertos Much Chamber Music Sonatas Piano Cello Violin Clarinet

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 12 Music of the Romantic Period Frédéric Chopin (1810–1849) Polish Pianist Unique Compositional Style Elaborate Decorative Melodies Colorful, Dissonant Harmonies Extreme Rubato Output Many Miniatures 3 Piano Sonatas 2 Piano Concertos

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 12 Music of the Romantic Period Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847) German Wealthy Family Widely Traveled Traditional (Classical) Style Well-Known Pieces “Scotch” Symphony “Italian” Symphony Elijah Oratorio Violin Concerto in E Minor Hebrides Overture Midsummer Night’s Dream Incidental Music

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 12 Music of the Romantic Period Franz Schubert (1797–1828) Prolific Song Composer Struggled with poverty and illness Style Great variety Lyrical melodies Colorful harmonies Great sensitivity to poetic texts Output Lieder 2 Song Cycles 9 Symphonies 22 Piano Sonatas Miniatures Chamber Pieces Choral Works

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 12 Music of the Romantic Period Pyotr I’yich Tchaikovsky (1840–1893) Russian Influences Russian Folk Songs Italian Opera French Ballet German Symphonies/Songs Style Tuneful Accessible Emotional Output 6 Symphonies Concertos Violin Piano Ballets Swan Lake Sleeping Beauty The Nutcracker

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 12 Music of the Romantic Period Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901) Italian Known for Opera Unhappy Tragic Endings Invited to open Carnegie Hall Style Conventional Harmonies Predictable Rhythms Superb Melodies Theatrical Representative Works Opera Rigoletto La Traviata Il Trovatore Aida Choral Te Deum Requiem

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 12 Music of the Romantic Period Richard Wagner (1813–1883) German Revolutionary His Music Drama had equal portions of: Music Drama Poetry Stagecraft Style Symphonic Strong Brass Leitmotiv Colorful Wrote own Libretti Music Dramas The Ring of the Nibelung Tristan and Isolde

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 12 Music of the Romantic Period Other Romantic Composers Hector Berlioz Antonin Dvořák Edvard Grieg Franz Liszt Gustav Mahler Giacomo Puccini Sergei Rachmaninoff Nicolay Rimsky- Korsakov Gioachino Rossini Robert Schumann Bedřich Smetana Richard Strauss

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 12 Music of the Romantic Period Chapter Summary Why do you think Romantic Period music is so much more popular than modern classical music? What can you learn by listening to a piece multiple times? Do you think the emotional language of Western music is universally human or culturally learned? Would a Brahms symphony communicate the same emotions to a rural Chinese farmer that it does to you?

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 12 Music of the Romantic Period Image Credits Slide 2Royalty-Free/CORBIS Slide 8© Digital Vision