Unit 18 Objectives: Sentences of unreal conditions making a supposition about the future Sentences of unreal conditions with present non-facts and present imaginary consequences Sentences of unreal conditions with past non- facts and present imaginary consequences

Language Structure Practice (1 课时 ) 1. I would… if I could… 2. If Tom had been…, he would not be doing… 3. If he had been…, he would not have made…

Dialogues (2 课时 ) Dialogue 1 Broad questions Questions on specific details Main idea Language teaching points and practice Dialogue 2 Past regrets Substitution practice

Language points 1. flop n. (inf) total failure e.g. that get-together was a complete ~ and nobody enjoyed it. 2. mellow a. fully ripe in flavor or taste; mature e.g. ~ grapes/ tone of a violin/ attitude to life 3. cooperate v work or act together e.g. The British ~d with the French in building the new craft. The mother asked the child to ~ and go to bed. immensely ad. to a very great extent; extremely e.g. I’m ~ pleased to have this job.

Readings (2 课时 ) Reading 1 Sample questions New words and phrases Language teaching points Reading 2 Sample questions Language teaching points

Language points 1. damp a. not completely dry; slightly wet v. make damp; make less strong, restrain e.g His clothes was damped in the rain. The rain damped their spirit. 2. deadly a. causing, or likely to cause, death; extreme ad. As if dead; extremely e.g. Fog is the sailor’s deadly enemy. She uses wit with deadly effect. Deadly enemies; deadly dull; deadly serious

3. flourish v. be successful, very active, or widespread; prosper grow healthily; be well and active n. a period of thriving; a luxuriant growth or profusion e.g. The company has really flourished since the chief engineer joined us. The crops flourished in the rich bottom land. Chaucer flourished at the end of the 14th century. 4. antibiotic n. a. that can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria anti- opposed to, against; preventing e.g. antimissile; antidiscrimination; anticlimax; anticlockwise; antirust

Guided Writing (1 课时 ) Paragraph writing Note offering something

Assignments: 1. Work in pairs to practice the situation in each dialogue. 2. Work in groups to discuss the topic of “After the Dress Rehearsal”. 3. Do the corresponding exercises in WB.

Background Information Penicillin

penicillin Penicillin is one of the earliest discovered and widely used antibiotic agents, derived from the Penicillium mold. Antibiotics are natural substances that are released by bacteria and fungi into the their environment, as a means of inhibiting other organisms - it is chemical warfare on a microscopic scale.

In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming observed that colonies of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus could be destroyed by the mold Penicillium notatum, proving that there was an antibacterial agent there in principle. This principle later lead to medicines that could kill certain types of disease-causing bacteria inside the body.

At the time, however, the importance of Alexander Fleming's discovery was not known. Use of penicillin did not begin until the 1940s when Howard Florey and Ernst Chain isolated the active ingredient and developed a powdery

It was not until 1939 that Dr. Howard Florey, a future Nobel Laureate, and three colleagues at Oxford University began intensive research and were able to demonstrate penicillin's ability to kill infectious bacteria. As the war with Germany continued to drain industrial and government resources, the British scientists could not produce the quantities of penicillin needed for clinical trials on humans and turned to the United States for help. They were quickly referred to the Peoria Lab where scientists were already working on fermentation methods to increase the growth rate of fungal cultures.

Sir Alexander Fleming

Life story Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. Fleming published many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. His best-known achievements are the discovery of the enzyme lysozyme in 1922 and discovery of the antibiotic substance penicillin from the fungus Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Florey and Chain.6 August March1955Scottishbiologist pharmacologistenzymelysozyme 1922antibiotic penicillinPenicillium notatumNobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineFlorey Chain

Death and legacy In 1955, Fleming died suddenly at his home in London of a heart attack. He was cremated and his ashes interred in St Paul's Cathedral a week later. His discovery of penicillin had changed the world of modern medicine by introducing the age of useful antibiotics; penicillin has saved, and is still saving, millions of people. His widow presented his Nobel Prize medal to the Savage Club (a London Gentlemen's club), where Fleming was a member. The Medal is still proudly displayed among the Club's artifacts.Londonheart attackSt Paul's CathedralantibioticsSavage Club The laboratory at St Mary's Hospital, London where Fleming discovered penicillin is home to the Fleming MuseumSt Mary's Hospital, LondonFleming Museum