MUH 2017 “Survey of Rock Music” (Summer “B” 2012, Class # 50585) Instructor: Scott Warfield, Assoc. Prof. Classroom Building 1, Room 121 8:00 am-9:50 am (Mon-Tues-Wed-Thurs)

TEST # 1 One week from today : Monday, 9 July 2012 (8:00 am) Bring Scantrons & pencils Picture ID & know your PID (or be penalized) Covers anything assigned to date: - Textbook: Intro & chapter 1 - Class Lectures (including songs on YouTube links) - Podcasts (Publisher web site) Approximately multiple-choice or T/F questions; some related to sound examples My review sheets to be posted soon on course web site Counts 10% of course grade

Reminders: Some Important Web Pages My home web page : Scott Warfield's Home page Scott Warfield's Home page MUH 2017 home web page : MUH Survey of Rock (see especially “Daily Assignments”) MUH Survey of Rock Newcomers bookmark and read these pages

Robert Johnson Short life ( ) Limited recordings ( ) Extreme technique Very influential on rock guitarists of 1960s Ex. YouTube - Roots of Blues -- Robert Johnson „Cross Road Blues"YouTube - Roots of Blues -- Robert Johnson „Cross Road Blues"

Chicago Blues Performance in Urban Environments (Bars, Clubs) Chess Records (“raw sound”) - Amplification (distortion) - “raw” sound Howlin Wolf: Ex. Howling Wolf - Evil (Is Going On).wmv - YouTube (textbook, p. 62), Ex. YouTube - Howlin' Wolf - How Many More YearsHowling Wolf - Evil (Is Going On).wmv - YouTubeYouTube - Howlin' Wolf - How Many More Years Muddy Waters: Ex. muddy waters i just want to make love to you - YouTubemuddy waters i just want to make love to you - YouTube Bo Diddley: Ex. Bo Diddley - I'm A Man (live 1959) - YouTubeBo Diddley - I'm A Man (live 1959) - YouTube

Black Gospel to Doo Wop Church as center of Black Community Emphasis on Vocal Praise “Doo Wop” - a cappella (no instruments) - “street corner” groups The Chords - Sh-Boom – YouTube (textbook, p. 13)The Chords - Sh-Boom – YouTube The Crew Cuts - Sh Boom Sh Boom - YouTubeThe Crew Cuts - Sh Boom Sh Boom - YouTube

Louis Jordan ( ) “Jump” – small bands after WWII “Tympany Five” (actually 6) Very popular w/ white audiences (“crossover”) - “King of the Jukebox” Ex. “Choo Choo Ch’Boogie” (1946) (# 1 on R&B, # 7 on Pop) YouTube - Louis Jordan - Choo choo ch'boogie YouTube - Louis Jordan - Choo choo ch'boogie Ex. “Caldonia” (1945) (#1 on R&B, #6 on Pop) YouTube - Caldonia / Louis Jordan YouTube - Caldonia / Louis Jordan “Grandfather of Rock ‘n Roll” Louis Jordan (alto sax at right)

Big Joe Turner ( ) Kansas City “The Singing Barman” “Blues Shouter” Appears w/ boogie woogie pianists & big bands National performer & recording artist “earthy” lyrics Ex. Big JoeTurner - Shake, Rattle, and Roll (1954) – YouTube (textbook, p. 69)Big JoeTurner - Shake, Rattle, and Roll (1954) – YouTube

Music Terminology Some Useful Terms for Describing Music (also see Covach Podcasts)

What is “Music”? “Organized Sounds and Silences” --John Cage

What can you organize? The 4 Parameters of Sound Pitch = the frequency of vibration (heard as “high” vs. “low”) Duration = the length of time a sound lasts (heard as aspects of rhythm) Timbre = tone color (the source of the sound, i.e., instrument, voice, other) Dynamics = Loudness/Softness

TIMBRE Pronounced “tam-ber” Also known as “tone color” The aspect of sound that makes a guitar different from a saxophone Literally, the source of a sound Technically derives from the “shape” of the sound wave [don’t need to know this]

Sources of Musical Sounds Human Voices (probably the earliest way humans made music) Musical Instruments (devices or “tools” for making and controlling sounds) “Other” sources, e.g., “natural” sounds, electronic devices (synthesizers), etc.

“RHYTHM” From a Greek word (“rhythmos”) that means “flow” Refers to all temporal (durational) elements in a piece of music “The organization of time in music, dividing up long spans of time into smaller, more easily comprehended units”

Some Terms related to Rhythm Beat – regular, unchanging pulse Accent – emphasis on a beat (or other) Meter – measurement of time in regular groupings of beats (textbook, p. 12) Measure or Bar – one group in a Meter - can be Duple, Triple, or Quadruple Division of beats can be Simple (2) or Compound (3) Tempo – speed of the beat

See Textbook (p. 11)

PITCH Function of “frequency” (how many vibrations per second) Usually described as “high” or “low” Individual sound sometimes called a “note” (from the written symbol for a single sound) Range of human hearing 20 – 20,000 Hz

Some Useful Terms related to Pitch Interval – “distance” between 2 pitches Octave – 2:1 ratio of frequency Tonality – organization around home pitch Tonic – the home pitch Key – collection of pitches around a tonal center Scale – set of pitches in ascending and descending order (scala [Ital.] = “ladder”)

Rock Scale types Use only some of all the available pitches Series of whole and half steps (7 notes) Major – sounds “bright,” “cheery” Minor – sounds “dark,” “somber” Pentatonic – uses only 5 notes - Major or Minor

Harmony (Some Useful terms) Chord – 2 or more simultaneous pitches Triad – 3-note chord Tonic (I) – chord on home note (name of scale or “key”) Dominant (V) – chord on 5 th note of scale Subdominant (IV) – chord on 4 th note of scale Consonant / Consonance – “pleasant” combinations of sounds (subjective) Dissonant / Dissonance – “unpleasant” combinations of sounds (subjective)

Musical Form The basic organizing principal in music “What comes next?” Three basic elements Repetition – the same thing Contrast – something new Variation – a mix of old and new

Melodic Structure Similar to Speech (words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, etc.) Musical PHRASE – coherent subdivision of a larger unit (similar to sentences or clauses in speech) CADENCE – resting point at the end of a phrase (full or partial, cf. punctuation marks, periods, commas, etc.)

Some Formal Patterns Alternating sections - Verse (same music, but changing words) - Chorus (same music & words; “refrain”) “Song Form” – usually 4 equal phrases - A A B A or A A’ B A” or AABC, ABCD, etc. - Bridge (3 rd phrase) often contrasts harmonically 12-Bar Blues – 3 phrases repeated over and over A - statement A’ - restatement (intensification) B – conclusion Call-Response