Foundations of Western Society in Europe

Question 1 1. What Frankish King became the first Holy Roman Emperor?

Question 2 In addition to Magyars and Muslims, what third outside group invaded/plundered Europe during the 8th and 9th centuries?

Question 3 In 1095, Pope Urban urged the knights of Europe to ‘take up the cross’. What did this mark the beginning of?

Question 4 St. Benedict set the broad guidelines of ‘poverty, chastity, and obedience’ that would govern the majority of what religious institutions?

Middle Ages Time Period, 500 to 1000 C.E.

Let us recall the various roles that the Byzantine Empire played upon the development of Western Europe: Most importantly as a BRIDGE, but also as a religious and political authority for the west.

Similarities Post-Classical India (Harsha pages 406-407) With one major difference, disconnected with world trade network Also, very similar to: Feudal Japan (page 399)

Major Developments Disruption from invasion, rampant depopulation, political order was restored Not Centralized Government, but instead decentralized political order focused upon local and regional lords and rulers Feudal System (politically) Manorial System (economically)

Major Developments Slow, economic recovery No large cities develop No powerful industrial economy Instead, focused on agricultural development

Major Developments 1. Rise of the Roman Catholic Church Powerful civilizing force Religious leadership and cultural unity and continuity Similar role to Confucianism, Buddhism, Islam, Orthodox Christianity, and Hinduism

Major Players and Vital Vocabulary Franks Roman Catholic Church Clovis Pepin Charles Martel Charlemagne Missi Dominici Count Monasticism Vikings Magyars Battle of Tours Feudalism Serf Viking Magyar Manor Pope Gregory I St. Benedict

Let’s Be Frank Clovis Merovingian Roman vs. Arian Major Domo Charles Martel Battle of Tours, 732 C.E. Pepin the Short Carolus Magnus Centralization Process: Count Missi Dominici Abu al-Abbas Campaigns Holy Roman Emperor?

What are the pros and cons of being the Holy Roman Emperor?

Can you read the inscription on the stone on the bottom?

Poor succession, no primogeniture Charlemagne Centralized Ally to Rome Schools Conversion Poor succession, no primogeniture

Frankish Timeframe Clovis 481 C.E. Battle of Tours 732 C.E. Death of Louis the Pious 843 C.E.

Invasions marked the 8th and 9th centuries Magyars Muslims Vikings

Norse, were they raiders or conquerors?

Vikings Technology Trade Piracy Settling Exploring Empire Building Longboats Kievan Rus Monastic Prayer Iceland, Greenland, Newfoundland Rollo/Normandy, Danegeld, Rus, England, Ireland,

Feudalism Decentralized, and born out of necessity Ruralization, due to what? Regional and Local Authority, highly adaptable to different regions but extremely convoluted as well Political Organization-Feudal System Serfs Economic Organization- Manorial System

Nobility king, lord, lesser lord emperor, shogun, daimyo Warriors knights samurai Code of conduct chivalry bushido Evolution Both practices developed in response to the need for security and stability everyone had well-defined social roles helped preserve law and order Europe Japan

Christendom Franks, Charlemagne’s bargain to the Saxons Popes and Monastaries did the rest Pope Gregory I, recentralized the church, gained converts, and secured the region of rome from invasion St. Benedict’s rule, organized monastaries and allowed them to grow

Monastacism Contributions to medieval society Inns (safe place) Orphanages Hospitals Schools Libraries Haven for the Literate, Academians Storage of Culture

Serfdom Was it slavery? What enabled agricultural recovery that then would re-establish the population?

New Technology Heavy Plow Horse Collar