 Introduction.  Structure  The pre-industrial family.  The industrial family.  The post-modern family.  Survey.

 Sociology of the family.  Definition – “an intimate domestic group made up of people related to one another by bonds of blood, sexual mating, or legal ties”.

Functionalist perspective.  Functions of the family for the maintenance of the social system.  Functional relationships like harmony and integration between the family and the social system.  Functions of the family for its individual members.

Criticism.  Alternative institutes.  Social stratification.  Too good to be true.

Marxist perspective: The family institution serves a useful purpose for a particular social class i.e. capitalist class.  Acts to control sexual behavior.  Serves to reproduce labour power for Capitalism.  Is a safety valve for people's frustrations.  Channels and legitimates the exploitation of women.  Provides a number of "free" services for Capitalists.  Is a primary consumer of Capitalist products. Feminist perspective. A little sarcastic saying that family is gender biased (benefiting men)

1.Nuclear family. 2. Extended families. - vertical extensions, horizontal extensions. Social relationships:  The nature of the relationships between men, women and children within the family.  The nature of the relationships between different generations of family members.

Predominantly extended in its basic form because:  labour-intensive agriculture.  absence of any system of communications (roads and railways) leading to no geographic mobility around the country. E.g. The pre-industrial Britain was feudal in structure and hence the majority of the population were landless labourers and were tied by feudal bonds to particular feudal lords and could not move around even if they had wanted to do so. Kinship-based: The kinship group was considered to be co-operative economically as the family group had a clear economic function (farming, craft-trades etc.). Members of the extended family group shared not only a household but a common economic and political position.

Social change resulting in the basic family structure becoming predominantly nuclear in form. Reason - change from a form of production based on agriculture to one based around factories. Gradually broke the old extended kinship ties as:  Demanding geographic mobility from the labour as people had to be mobile in order to find work in the new industrial society.  Creating social mobility as new opportunities arose for social mobility (after the emergence of a capitalist form of economic production) because of the various divisions of labour that were created by industrial forms of production.  Weakening kinship as the new industrial processes demanded efficiency and the ability to take opportunities for social mobility as and when they were presented.

Once the process of industrialization and urbanization started a new process began in which some functions performed by the pre-industrial family were now performed by other institutions. Specialized institutions began to takeover such things like:  Economic function. Factories now perform this.  Educational function. Schools now perform this.  Welfare function. States took responsibility for this.

Parsons says that “the isolated nuclear family is the most common form in modern industrial society”

Isolated from the extended family and there is a breakdown of kinship.

To understand such a change two points are to be taken in account: *The concepts of Industrialization and Urbanization. *The way in which societies have changed over the past years.

Industrialization: This is a process in which machines are extensively applied to the production process (mechanization), resulting in the development of factory-based forms of economic production. In turn, the process of industrialization results in the development of the mass production of consumer goods.

In simple words this involves the notion that there is a population migration away from small-scale, agricultural, settlements to larger-scale communities based upon towns and cities. This is sometimes characterized as a social migration from the countryside to the towns (which themselves started to arise as industrialization gathered pace with the establishment of factories).

INDUSTRIALIZATION

-Development of factories. -People forced out of countryside -Kinship network for survival -Child labour -High death rate, sickness, unemployment prevails -Family system based on kinship very important.

During the industrialization the middle classes used to be in nuclear family structure. The main reason for this was the importance of education for male children who could earn for the family. Due to pressure of the cost of this education the middle class families were relatively smaller in size in comparison with working classes. The managers of the new industrial enterprises used to emerge from these classes resulting in high geographically mobility which further weakens the kinship relationship among these classes.

Typical extended middle-class U.S. family from Indiana of Danish/German extraction. The woman in the lavender print dress is the 87-year-old great grandmother; her daughter, a 67-year-old grandmother, is next to her. They are surrounded by the third and fourth generations, in colors by family. The man and woman in black on the far right are the 66-year-old grandfather and second wife.middle-classIndiana

Five generations of women. Starting from the youngest anticlockwise and increasing age. Example of ‘ Joint Family ’

SURVEY We have made a survey in IIT campus and nearby villages and talked to 10 families to find out the changes which took place in the structure of families due to INDUSTRIALIZATION.

FAMILY NO. 1 1.Family consisting of four members. 2.Given proper higher education to both the children. 3.Both got job one working in IBM in US and other in Tata Steels in Bangalore. 4.Both children lived so far that they could not celebrate many big festival such as Diwali also with there parents. 5.Elder married according to parents will and the youngest married against the family will after falling in love. Thus this showed that due to INDUSTRIALIZATION family get broken and children now wish to do things on there own.

FAMILY NO. 2 1.We have talked to a worker working in mess. 2.He is from a village and his family consisted of three sisters,two brothers and parents. 3.His father is a blacksmith. 4.Tradition of spending lots of money in marriage. 5.For the marriage of eldest sister father have lent the ancestral property to moneylender. 6.He and his brother came here working in mess to save some money to get the property back. Circumstances also cause of breakdown of families.

FAMILY NO. 3 1.Family consisted of three brothers one sister and parents. 2.Average education given to all the children. 3.The three brothers worked on small wages. 4.Eldest decided to open a cloth business and due to his ability the business was a success. 5.Wanted more responsible people for controlling and growth of business. 6.All three started working in same business. Thus a family was saved from getting breakdown due to INDUSTRIALIZATION.

CONCLUSION FROM SURVEY 1.INDUSTRIALIZATION caused breakdown of many families due to invention of machines. 2.INDUSTRIALIZATION had caused growth and development of families,societies,country and the world. 3.INDUSTRIALIZATION not always causes breakdown of family but also sometimes increases the bonds between the family members.

THANK YOU

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