Unit 4: Medieval Europe

Fall of Rome o It was difficult to manage such a large area (at its height, the Roman Empire was 3 million square miles!)

Fall of Rome The Germanic tribes constantly invaded  Germanic groups: Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Franks, and Vandals.  Germanic people had been living on the northern borders of the Roman Empire for years.  Rome became weak from the constant invasions as the Germans moved into Roman territory  In 476, Emperor Augustus was dethroned and exiled by a German warrior which completed the fall of Rome.

The Early Middle Ages Aka: The Dark Ages

Western Europe was split into many separate Germanic kingdoms

Increase in warfare (dangerous time; people don't feel safe)

Decline in trade; downfall of economy

People lost interest in learning and in Greek & Roman culture

No more cities; People live in rural villages and farms

The Dark Ages video: (watch 0:00-13:00)

VOCAB Feudalism A political & social system in which less powerful people promise loyalty and service in return for land and protection. Vassals A lesser lord who was granted land by a powerful lord, to whom he owed loyalty and service KnightsA mounted warrior who was a vassal of a feudal lord Serfs A peasant in feudal society who was tied to the land of a lord, to whom he or she owed service in exchange for protection FiefLand granted in exchange for loyalty and service Manorialism The Medieval Economic system in which people lived in self-sufficient communities run by feudal lords Manor A self-sufficient community consisting of a village and surrounding lands run by a feudal lord Chivalry A code of behavior the knights had to follow (courage, honesty, kindness, respect, keep faith, protect and cherish women) Create Flash Cards: Side 1: word Side 2: definition & picture

The Middle Ages Defined After the fall of Rome, Western Europe entered a period known as the Middle Ages, also known as The Medieval Period, which lasted from 400 – 1400 A.D. 500 B.C – 476 A.D The Roman Empire The Middle Ages or Medieval Period The Renaissance (Rebirth) Begins around 1400 *This slide is review

In general, the Middle Ages are defined by a lack of central government, decline of trade, population shift to rural areas, decrease in learning, and a rise in the power of The Roman Catholic Church. The Middle Ages Defined *This slide is review

The Rise of Feudalism – Political and Social Organization of Medieval Europe The Problem: You are one of many kings ruling various kingdoms in Western Europe during the Middle Ages. You are also the proud owner of large landholdings in your area. However, you are struggling to control the nobles in your kingdom who are fighting each other to expand their landholdings and increase their power (in turn, threatening yours). In addition, you are concerned about increasing barbarian attacks from the east. What can you do to create structure in your kingdom and ensure order? Your Solution:

Feudalism A political & social system in which land is exchanged for loyalty and service No social mobility! Your place in the feudal pyramid was determined by birth.

Why Feudalism? After the fall of Rome, Western Europe was a scary place! There wasn’t a strong, central government to raise a large army, so there was no protection from invaders. The Feudal system emerged as a means to create – Social/political order and stability in society – provide a system of protection

King Nobles Vassals & Knights Peasants & Serfs Land (fief) Loyalty & knights Land Loyalty & military service Land & protection Labor & food

Code of Chivalry To fear God and maintain His Church To serve the liege lord in valor and faith To protect the weak and defenseless To give help to widows and orphans To refrain from the wanton giving of offence To live by honor and for glory To despise pecuniary reward To fight for the welfare of all To obey those placed in authority To guard the honor of fellow knights To eschew unfairness, meanness and deceit To keep faith At all times to speak the truth To persevere to the end in any enterprise begun To respect the honor of women Never to refuse a challenge from an equal Never to turn the back upon a foe

Manors: A village and the land surrounding it Manorialism: The Medieval Economic System

The manor was completely self sufficient meaning that everything that was needed was on the manor. Very little reason to leave or travel beyond your manor.

The self sufficient manor contributed to the decline of learning. No new ideas were exchanged. Technology was slow to progress. Little use of money. Wealth based on land. The Manor System – The Medieval Economic System

THE CRUSADES Watch (36:30-46:03) : 7H7asWbCwkTcSFd3DWEb8tZl7qBfOvQ 7H7asWbCwkTcSFd3DWEb8tZl7qBfOvQ (YouTube “Mankind: The Story of Us- Warriors” )

THE CRUSADES A Quest for the Holy Land

Background: During the Middle Ages, the power of the Church had greatly increased. People were very concerned with the after-life and became increasingly involved in the church *Please read this slide, but it is not in your notes

By this time, Rome had fallen. Take notice of where the Byzantine Empire is and where the Arab/Islamic Empire extends

Crusades A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims over control of the holy land (Jerusalem)

Start of the Crusades The Seljuk Turks (Muslims) invaded the Byzantine Empire and took over the Christian holy land, Jerusalem Christians pilgrims were no longer allowed to visit the holy land and were sometimes attacked The increase in Muslim power threatened the Capital of Constantinople

The Call to Arms Pope Urban II called on all Christians to take back the holy land from the Muslims

Feudal lords, knights and peasants fought because they wanted: To win land and wealth To escape troubles at home Adventure To have their sins forgiven

The First Crusade ( ) Peasant army –Untrained –Lacked military equipment –Many killed by Muslim Turks Knights –Succeeded in capturing Jerusalem *Please read this slide, but it is not in your notes

Second Crusade ( ) After victory many Christians went back home. The Turks eventually took back much of the territory. King of France and Emperor of Germany sent troops to stop the Turks. *Please read this slide, but it is not in your notes

Second Crusade ( ) Saladin leads the Muslim Turks to victory, defeating the Christians * He was considered a very wise ruler. He was known for his sometimes kind treatment of fallen enemies. Many Christians saw him as a model of knightly chivalry. *Please read this slide, but it is not in your notes

Third Crusade ( ) King Richard of England convinces the Turks to allow Christians to visit the Holy Land *Please read this slide, but it is not in your notes

Crusades Continue Through 1200’s Several more crusades attempted with no victories for the Christians Children’s crusade, - 30,000 soldiers - many of them under 12 years old – Never made it to the Holy Land *Please read this slide, but it is not in your notes

Results of the Crusades: (IF Turks Traveled they would Trade) I = Improvements – Ships, Maps, Explorers F = Feudalism declines because Feudal lords die or spend too much money on military. T = Turks still rule the Holy Land T = Travel – Europeans want to travel and learn more about the world T = Trade – increased between Europe and the Middle East which leads to an increase in CULTURAL DIFFUSION

Mankind: The Story of All of Us The Plague ulQTshttps:// ulQTs (Watch 13:00-36:00)

Music Video Black Death (“Holla Back Girl”) by historyteachers XDZQ ( XDZQ