1. Which motive of Exploration does this image represent?

2. Which motive of exploration does this image represent?

3. Which 2 motives of exploration does this image represent?

4. Which motive of exploration do these images represent?

5. Which motive of exploration does this image represent?

6. This image by Igor V. Babailov, represents three motives of exploration. Can you pick out which three they are and where they are represented?

A.

B. Quote: “If the might and eminence of a country consist in its surplus of gold, silver, and all other things necessary or convenient for its subsistence, derived, so far as possible, from its own resources (colonies and conquered territories included) , without dependence upon other countries, and in the proper fostering, use, and application of these, then it follows that a general national economy (Landes-Oeconomie) should consider how such a surplus, fostering, and enjoyment can be brought about, without dependence upon others, or where this is not feasible in every respect, with as little dependence as possible upon foreign countries, and sparing use of the country's own cash.” -Philipp Wilhelm von Hornick Austria Over All if Only She Will

B. Definition The main economic system used during the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. The main goal was to increase a nation's wealth by imposing government regulation concerning all of the nation's commercial interests. It was believed that national strength could be maximized by limiting imports via tariffs and maximizing exports.

Revolutions The Glorious Revolution, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution had far-reaching consequences as they challenged the institutions that shaped the political structure of the world. Each attempted to establish democratic principles of government, including limiting the power of the government and extending rights to the governed. Although each revolution occurred in a different time and place, all three were based on the ideas that government derives its power from the people it governs, and government exists to protect its citizens who have certain rights that cannot be denied. The Glorious Revolution, American Revolution, and French Revolution had enduring effects worldwide on political expectations for self-government and individual liberty.

Political Cartoon (Page 13 of workbook) (page 15 & 16)

Impact of the Protestant Reformation The impact of the Protestant changed the religious beliefs, practices, culture and society of Christians in Europe. The Protestant reformation divided Christians and reshaped political and religious values in all of Europe The Protestant Reformation challenged the authority of the Catholic Popes over regional rulers. Kings gained absolute control over their kingdoms. The Protestant Reformation also led to Anti-Authoritarianism resulting in contempt for the Medieval Feudal System and the power of the the Feudal Lords and a preference for government by the people. The Protestant Reformation led to modern concepts of Democracy

Religious Freedom Many people came to America to search for religious freedom.  Their hope was to escape the religious persecution they were facing in their countries.  The one thing they did not want to do was to establish a church like the Church of England.  The colonists wanted a chance to worship freely and have an opportunity to choose which religion they wanted to take part in.  Upon arriving in America (the Pilgrims being the first to arrive in 1620), the journey began for the search of the "perfect" religion that could satisfy the needs of the people. 

Martin Luther and Indulgences On 31 October 1517, according to traditional accounts, Martin Luther (1483-1546) posted up his 95 'Theses' or discussion points on the door of Wittenburg Cathedral. Luther's major concern was the corruption in the practice of selling indulgences, defined in the Catechism of the Catholic Church as "...a remission before God of the temporal punishment due to sins whose guilt has already been forgiven." Indulgences were being sold to reduce (or in some case eliminate) the time that departed souls would have to spend in Purgatory, a place where the departed would go to expiate their sins before admission to Heaven. Luther's actions are usually held to mark the beginning of the Protestant Reformation, but they also represent the culmination of a long period of discontent, disquiet and change within Christendom.