The Renaissance Medieval to Renaissance

Transition from Medieval to Renaissance  Reintroduction of classical text from _____________________  Introduction of text from the Islamic world  Social and political structures of Italy  Cultural conditions in Florence

What was the Renaissance?  From the early  “_____________________”  THE RENAISSANCE was a period of revolutionary changes in thought. __________________ (a term used to distinguish their period from the past and to identify their cultural program based on the revival of Greek and Latin classics, often preserved by Islamic culture. They viewed the classics as their inspiration, unlike medieval scholars who fit time into a Christian worldview), _______________________ (Belief in the primary importance of the individual and in the virtues of self-reliance and personal independence.) and the quest for knowledge allowed overseas exploration to occur, challenged the power of the Catholic Church and produced the scientific revolution  It did not apply to all, instead it was largely experienced by the elite

So What Changed?  Humanism  Technology  Literature  Art  Architecture  Science  Power

Humanism  The most distinguishing feature of the Renaissance  Salutati  Man is responsible for his good or bad deeds  God does not control a man’s will or morality  It is better to benefit others by living an active public life than to live as a monk, which does not benefit anyone other than the monk

 Humanists shifted intellectual emphasis off _________ to ______________  Emphasized the dignity and _______ of the individual  People are rational beings who possess within themselves the capacity for _____________________  Emphasized the value of the Greek and Latin classics for their own sake, rather than for their relevance to Christianity  Centered around ________________ Humanism

Gutenburg’s Printing Press

Movable Type  Invented in _________ By Johannes Gutenberg  Led to a great demand for _____________ in the mid 15 th century  The prices of books plummeted as books were mass produced

Printing Press  Aided in political and religious ______________. HOW? WHY?  Humanist movement fueled its success.  Led to the rise of the vernacular (non-Latin) literary text  Allowed for ______________ of knowledge and ideas

Literature  With the advent of the printing press, many authors began to public their concept of the ideal Renaissance Man  In 1513 “The Prince” by NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI advocated pragmatism to ensure success. It is a handbook for rulership

Art  With the development of Humanism came the desire for more ___________ artistic representations  Before the Renaissance art had been _____________________

Architecture  As nobles’ ___________________ and the use of gunpowder spread, monarchs abandoned their fortified castles in favour of large comfortable palaces.  Based architecture on classical Roman examples

Science  For centuries the Christian church defined how the universe had worked  1543 COPERNICUS stated that the ________, not the ___________ was the centre of the universe. The church deemed him a heretic.  In 1543 ANDREAS VESALIUS challenged the Catholic Church by publishing his works on the human, which was based on the dissection of human corpses.  These changes allowed a better understanding of humanity and the world

Power  Feudal system was out with the growing centralization of power  Later known as ________________, meaning that power is concentrated on the individual. Epitomized by Louis XIV of France  The centre of the Renaissance was Italy which was broken up into a number of smaller states. France and Spain spent much of the Renaissance fighting over Italy

Florence

Renaissance Man  ‘independence of mind’  A Person who mastered all areas of arts and thought… becoming a “_____________________”.  Humanity was mastering the world they lived in.  “man’s fate could me controlled and improved”

Renaissance Art & Baroque  The work that distinguishes the Baroque period is stylistically complex, even contradictory. In general, however, the desire to evoke emotional states by appealing to the senses, often in dramatic ways, underlies its manifestations. Some of the qualities most frequently associated with the Baroque are grandeur, sensuous richness, drama, vitality, movement, tension, emotional exuberance, and a tendency to blur distinctions between the various arts.

Humanism  Bruni  Medieval values of piety, humility, and poverty not important  Attitudes about wealth, credit finances, and usury modified  Pagan elements introduced into Christian culture

The Protestant and the Catholic Reformations