Peninsula

We do not include Afghanistan in South Asia

Himalaya Mountains Created by South Asia colliding into East Asia ~1000 miles long Contains Mount Everest- the world’s highest peak 29,035 feet asl Located on the border of China and Nepal Why do we hear about Mt. Everest only from Nepal?

Himalaya Mountains Khyber Pass –Located between Pakistan and Afghanistan in the Himalayas –Narrow crossing in the range –Connects South Asia to East Asia –Why is it vital to the region?

Vindhya Mountain Range Created by tectonic plates Divides India into North and South regions Where is it?

Deccan Plateau Lies between the Eastern and Western Ghats (mountain ranges) and South of the Vindhya Range Once covered by lava; therefore rich, black soil make it perfect for growing crops How high is it?

Maldives Archipelago, made up of chain of coral atolls and volcanic outcroppings Currently threatened by rising world sea levels How many islands?

Ganges Plain Worlds largest alluvial plain- fertile soil deposited by flooded river water 1/10 of the worlds people live here India’s most densely populated region

Climates of South Asia

Found in southern India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka Compare to similar areas around the world?

Ebony Tree Orchid Tree Bamboo Tree Mango Tree Palm Tree Mangrove Tree

Found in Central India & Eastern Sri Lanka Grasses and scattered trees

Little to no vegetation due to cold temperatures

Desert Scrub, low trees, random grasses

Surrounds desert/arid climates

Monsoon- Seasonal wind which brings rain Three Seasons –Hot Season (Feb- June) SE Winds –Wet Season (July- Sept) S Winds –Cool Season (Oct- Jan) N-NE Winds

Monsoons When, where was the last “great” monsoon? How much?

Indus River Flows through Pakistan Mouth- Arabian Sea Important transportation route One of the earliest civilizations in the world developed here.

Brahmaputra River Flows through India and Bangladesh Mouth- Ganges River at the Ganges Delta Provides 50% of Bangladesh’s hydroelectricity Provides an inland transportation route

Ganges River It’s water is considered sacred to Hindus Headway- Himalayas Mouth- Bay of Bengal One of the most polluted rivers in the as a result of a building boom, tourist influx, corpse disposals, dumping of chemical wastes, & human wastes.

Ganges River Delta

India exports Iron Ore which is used to make iron

90% of worlds Mica is found in South Asia Mica is used in electrical equipment because it is resistant to heat.

Bombay Largest city in India (2 nd in world) 19 million people Leading center for finance, industry, and film making (Bollywood)

Calcutta

Located on the Ganges River Center of India’s Iron and Steel industries 15 million people

New Delhi Capital of India 21 million people Megalopolis- chain of closely linked metropolitan areas

People who live in temporary street settlements

Dhaka Capital of Bangladesh World’s 2 nd most densely populated urban area Over 14 million people (Mega city) The center of political, cultural, and economy of Bangladesh Dhaka suffers from urban problems such as pollution, congestion, and lack of adequate services due to the rising population. What other problems does Bangladesh have?

Karachi, Pakistan Largest city, main seaport, major financial center (located on the Arabian Sea) 13 million people (mega city)

Countries of South Asia South Asia population is 1.3 billion people 1/5 of worlds population live in South Asia Population is expected to double by 2050

India In population- worlds largest democracy Identify themselves by religion- Hindu, Buddhist, Sikhs, Jains, Christians Jati- “Birth” in Hindu a person Jati associated with their occupation and community Ex) Surname Gandhi- “Greengrocer” Population 1.1 billion (2 nd largest in world) Population Density- 814 per square mile

India Continued 30% Urban Birth Rate- 21 births/1000 Death Rate- 7 deaths/1000 Republic- head of state is voted by the citizens Former British Colony (independence 1947) Religion- 81% Hindu, 13% Muslim, 2% Christian, 2% Sikh Language- 41% Hindi

Pakistan Population- 187 million Population Density- 472 people/square mile Birth Rate- 25 births/1000 Death Rate- 7 deaths/ % Urban Life Expectancy- 66 years old

Pakistan Continued Government- Federal Islamic Republic Religion- 95% Muslim Language- 48% Punjabi Former British Colony –(1947)

Bangladesh 158 million people Population Density- 2,706 people/square mile *** highest in the world Birth Rate 23 births/1000 Death Rate 6 deaths/ % Urban Language- Bangla Bengali in English Religion- 90% Muslim, 10% Hindu Government- Parliamentary Democracy

Sri Lanka 21 million people Population Density- 818 people/square mile Birth Rate 17 births/1000 Death Rate 6 deaths/ % Urban Religion- 69% Buddhist, 7% Muslim and Hindu, 6% Christian Language- Sinhala- 74%, Tamil- 18%

Bhutan (landlocked) 708,000 people Density- 37 people/square mile Birth Rate- 19 births/1000 Death Rate- 7 deaths/1000 Religion- 75% Buddhist Language- Dzongkha Government- Constitutional Monarchy

Nepal 29 million people Density- 477 people/square mile Birth Rate- 22 births/1000 Death Rate- 7 deaths/ % Urban Government- Federal Democratic Republic Religion- 81% Hindu, 11% Buddhist, 4% Muslim Language- Nepali ***Contains 8 of the 10 highest peaks in the world including Everest

Hinduism “The Eternal Law” Belief requires every person to carry out their Dharma (moral duty). Death undergoes Reincarnation (rebirth). At a certain point, people leave rebirth and reunite with the eternal being (Dharma). Law of Karma- Good deeds which help a person reach Dharma

Buddhism Siddharta Gautama- “Buddha” or “Awakened One” –Prince who gave up all power and wealth after becoming aware of human suffering. Taught that material things cause human suffering and people should think clearly, work hard and show compassion for all living things in order to be liberated from endless rebirth (Nirvana)

Buddhist Stupas

Located in Agra, India Built in 1600 as a tomb for the emperors wife

Disease Malaria (fever, vomiting, anemia) HIV (2 nd highest rates in world) Cholera (acute diarrhea Dysentery (bloody diarrhea)

History of South Asia Indus River Valley –Began ~2000 BC –Developed 1 st writing system, strong central government, and overseas trade –Built first cities Harappa and Mohenjo Daro Aryans –Began ~ BC –Sacred Writings- Vedas- created the social Caste System

Mohandas Gandhi Pre-eminent political and ideological leader of India during the independence movement from Britain. Gain independence through nonviolence Referred to as “Bapu” or Father of the Nation

Priests Warriors and Nobles Artisans and Farmers Slaves and Poor Hierarchy of social structure