Do Now- Will be Collected Why is North Korea “Bad” (5 Sentences)

The Korean War The Korean war is the first example of a NSC-68 war- use of military force not to conquer but to prevent conquering Origins: After WWII, American troops entered S. Korea and U.S.S.R entered North Korea to accept Japanese surrender – U.S.S.R doesn’t leave- elections are held and communism is founded – South Korea elects democracy under Syngman Rhee

The Korean War Cont North Korea invaded South Korea – United Nations quickly condemned the invasion as an act of aggression – Demanded the withdrawal of North Korean troops from the South – In the first weeks of the conflict the North Korean forces met little resistance and advanced rapidly to the southeast tip of Korea UN goes into SE Korea and invaded behind enemy lines at Incheon

Do-Now Should the U.S use the Atomic Bomb in the Korean War? Why?

The Korean War Cont. UN forces cleared out S. Korea and push N. Koreans to the Chinese border – Problem: China might see it as a threat- Chinese volunteers pour into North Korea and push UN forces back – General in charge- General MacArthur – His goal: defeat and conquer the enemy – Truman’s goal- protect and secure S. Korea

The Korean War Cont. Tension between Truman and MacArthur – Truman didn’t think MacArthur understood this new war and MacArthur didn’t think Truman knew how to fight – MacArthur gets relieved of his command (fired)

Korean War Korean War's unpopularity played an important role in the presidential victory of Dwight D. Eisenhower – Pledged to go to Korea to end the war. Armistice signed in 1953 – U.S. losses were placed at over 54,000 dead and 103,000 wounded – Chinese and Korean casualties were each at least 10 times as high

HUAC House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) began an investigation into the Hollywood Motion Picture Industry Ten people refused to answer the committee’s questions and became known as the Hollywood Ten – Their refusal resulted in being blacklisted from work in motion pictures or television

Alger Hiss Alger Hiss served as FDR's adviser at the Yalta Conference in 1945 An American Communist Party member appeared before the HUAC and claimed that Hiss had been spying for the Soviet Union while working for the State Department Hiss’ first trial in 1949 ended in a hung jury, but in the second trial in 1950, he was found guilty – Sentenced to five years imprisonment

The Red Scare Joseph McCarthy- senator who wanted re-election – Played off societies fear of communism – Said state department, Hollywood and universities were infested with communists – If anyone did criticize McCarthy they would be accused of being a pinko- communist sympathizer

Rosenbergs head of the physics department of a British nuclear research facility was arrested and charged with espionage – Julius Rosenberg and Ethel Rosenberg were named as members of his spy ring and put on trial The Rosenbergs were found guilty of conspiracy and sentenced to death Many people were shocked by the severity of the sentence – They had not been found guilty of treason

Parisians line up at the American Embassy to sign a petition for the Rosenbergs

Rosenberg boys at Sing Sing

The Red Scare Cont. McCarthy’s plan backfires- accuses army of being communist sympathizers McCarthy is put on trial- investigated his claims and embarrassed McCarthy – Ends the Red Scare

The Red Scare Cont. There was a basis of fact- were communists working in the government VANONA project- classified project to uncover communist spies in the government – Identified and verified dozens of communist spies

Pop Culture Television becomes popular – Most Americans own one by the end of the decade Rock ‘n’ Roll is born from African American rhythm and blues – Elvis Presley becomes first rock star – Chuck Berry and Little Richard were African American rock pioneers – Generation Gap (cultural separation of children and parents) is created and shaped by rock ‘n’ roll Beat Movement formed from disaffected white youth – Jack Kerouac (On the Road) and Allen Ginsberg (Howl) were Beat writers

Life in the 50’s Popularized by the Nuclear Family – Dad, Mom, Kids Many people will build fall out shelters and practice “Duck and Cover” measures to be safe from a nuclear blast

1950’s TV Leave it to Beaver- Part 1 Leave it to Beaver- Part 1

Eisenhower Presidency Elected as a Republican in 1952 with vice president Richard Nixon; reelected in 1956 – Using his nickname, “I like Ike” campaign buttons were ubiquitous Largely responsible for the passage of the Federal Highway Act that created 40,000 miles of interstate roads – Designed for Cold War fears: evacuation of cities and the movement of military vehicles Ended Korean War with threat of nuclear weapons known as massive retaliation or brinksmanship

Eisenhower Presidency Reduced the size of the army and defense spending – Increased nuclear arsenal Fights communism through covert operations run by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) – New Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, takes office in 1956 and vows to crush capitalism Space Race begins with the Soviet launch of Sputnik in 1957 – First satellite to orbit the earth 1961 – In his farewell speech, Ike warned of influence of military- industrial complex (partnership of the military and the defense industry)