Urban Stream Restoration Case Studies: Challenges and Opportunities Alabama Water Resources Conference September 6-7, 2012 Greg Jennings, Darrell Westmoreland,

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Presentation transcript:

Urban Stream Restoration Case Studies: Challenges and Opportunities Alabama Water Resources Conference September 6-7, 2012 Greg Jennings, Darrell Westmoreland, Eve Brantley Alabama Cooperative Extension System ADEM CAWACO RC&D Samford University Goodwyn Mills & Cawood LBYD Volkert Stantec Cities of Auburn, Daphne, Jasper, Montgomery, Vestavia Hills

“activities that initiate or accelerate the recovery of ecosystem health, integrity, and sustainability” (SER, 2004) Stream Restoration Jasper Town CreekAuburn UT Town Creek

1.Planning & Assessment 2.Engineering 3.Construction & Planting 4.Monitoring, Maintenance, Adjustments Stream Restoration is a Systematic Process Samford Univ Shades CreekDaphne UT D’Olive Creek

Improve habitats & water quality Improve recreation & aesthetics Protect infrastructure & land value Educate citizens & decision-makers Goals of Stream Restoration Projects Daphne UT D’Olive CreekSamford Univ Shades Creek

Jasper Town Creek Daphne UT D’Olive Creek Auburn UT Town Creek Vestavia Hills Little Shades Creek Samford University Shades Creek Montgomery White Slough Case Studies

Auburn Town Creek Trib (2008) Project Mgmt: Auburn Univ Funding: ADEM 319, USEPA Design: Stantec, Jennings Construction: North State Environmental Vegetation: Auburn Univ

Jasper Town Creek (2008) Project Mgmt: CAWACO RC&D Funding: ADEM 319 Design: Stantec, Jennings Construction: North State Environmental Vegetation: Auburn Univ, NSE

Montgomery White Slough (2009) Project Mgmt: Auburn Univ Funding: ADEM 319 Design: GMC, Jennings Construction: GMC Vegetation: GMC, Auburn Univ

Vestavia Hills Little Shades Creek (2010) Project Mgmt: CAWACO RC&D Funding: ADEM 319 Design: GMC, Jennings Construction: North State Environmental Vegetation: Auburn Univ, NSE

Daphne UT D’Olive Creek (2010) Project Mgmt: Daphne Funding: NRCS Design: Volkert, Jennings Construction: North State Environmental Vegetation: Daphne

Samford University Shades Creek (2011) Project Mgmt: Samford Univ Funding: Samford Univ Design: LBYD, Jennings Construction: North State Environmental Vegetation: Auburn Univ, NSE

Stream Restoration as a BMP Sediment control Nutrient cycling (instream & floodplain) Peak discharge attenuation Habitats (aquatic & terrestrial) Infrastructure protection

1.High Flows 2.Low Flows 3.Lateral Constraints 4.Road Crossings 5.Stormwater Outfalls 6.Invasive Plants 7.Beavers & Other Critters Challenges for Stream Restoration

Floodplain is critical for stress relief Design/construct for maximum flood 1. High Flows Shades Creek one month following construction (March 2011)

Reconnect floodplain to carry “bankfull” flows Resist bed shear stress with grade controls & riffles Protect soil on banks & floodplain (temporary & permanent) High Flows: Solutions White Slough floodplainUT D’Olive Creek log vanes & weirs

2006 Town Creek Tributary 2007 Reconnect Floodplain: Priority 1 Replace incised channel with shallow channel raised to existing floodplain elevation

Entrenchment Ratio = W fpa / W bkf = 180/10 = 18

Reconnect Floodplain: Priority 2 Excavate wide floodplain and meander channel at a lower elevation 2008 White Slough 2010 ER = 6; W/d = 11

Entrenchment Ratio = W fpa / W bkf = 84/14 = 6

Resist Bed Shear Stress Log & rock weirs Reinforced riffles Vanes

Protect Soil: Temporary Biodegradable matting Straw & annual grasses Rushes & sedges

Protect Soil: Permanent Native grasses Rushes & sedges Shrubs & trees

Maintain pools for habitat Connection to ground water (hyporheic zone) 2. Low Flows Shades Creek before project – plane bed, over-wide, mid-channel bars

Narrow low-flow channel with benches Bed-form diversity Natural substrate for hyporheic connection Low Flows: Solutions Shades Creek log vane & poolUT D’Olive Creek log vane & pool

Protect infrastructure Optimize ecosystem services 3. Lateral Constraints UT D’Olive Creek before project – constrained by house and hillslope

Structures to direct flow Vegetated benches Consider flood flows Lateral Constraints: Solutions UT D’Olive Creek realignment, floodplain bench, structures, vegetation

Little Shades Creek Houses Sewer lines Roads & bridges February 2010

Entrenchment Ratio = W fpa / W bkf = 60/38 = 1.6 March 2010

Entrenchment Ratio = W fpa / W bkf = 60/38 = 1.6 August 2010

Shades Creek Athletic fields Roads & bridges January 2011

May 2011 Entrenchment Ratio = W fpa / W bkf = 55/45 = 1.2

March 2011

Saugahatchee Creek – Sewer Line Protection 3 Log Vanes

2009 January 2009 July Photo Credit: Dan Ballard, Town of Auburn Saugahatchee Creek – Sewer Line Protection 3 Log Vanes

Aquatic organism passage Minimize geomorphic impacts Pass flood flows 4. Road Crossings

Hydraulic opening to pass flows & sediment Vanes to direct flow & control grade Road Crossings: Solutions Jasper Town Creek W-vane upstream of bridge

Bridge Arch culvert Bottomless or buried bottom Floodplain openings Hydraulic Opening

Vanes Cross vanes W-vanes Flow Direction & Grade Control

Minimize erosion & scour in channel Improve water quality 5. Stormwater Outfalls

Energy dissipation basins Floodplain wetlands Watershed stormwater retention & infiltration Stormwater Outfalls: Solutions

Stormwater Outfall Channels (10) Vegetated bio-swales (low slope) Rock step-pools (high slope)

Stormwater Wetland Enhancement Runoff from 90 acres Sediment retention (78% reduction) Native plants – nutrient cycling

1.Diverse native riparian plant communities 2.Self-sustaining streamside forest 6. Invasive Plants

Long-term maintenance Education Invasive Plants: Solutions

Healthy streamside forest Free-flowing stream 7. Beavers & Other Critters

Tree guards Eradication: beaver, deer, geese Critters: Solutions

1.Plan for floods -- immediately & often 2.Plan for dry weather 3.Plan for vegetation maintenance 4.Understand constraints 5.Flexibility to respond to surprises Summary: Plan for Success