Introduction Video Clip

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction Video Clip Volcanoes Introduction Video Clip

Shield Volcanoes Big Island News Clip Type of Magma basaltic magma - from oceanic crust very dense Shape of Volcano shield shaped; more flat and rounded than other volcanoes wider than tall Type of Eruption Non-explosive Quiet Eruptions Lava erupts from the rift zones or faults on the surface of the “shield” Examples Mauna Loa (Hawaii) – largest mountain in the world Galapagos Islands Iceland Big Island News Clip

KILAUEA One of the most active volcanoes on Earth Towers at a height of 4,190 feet above sea level 1,000 year old lava envelopes the exterior of this volcano January 3, 2013– 30 year old birthday of eruption that is still going on – Longest eruption known in Earth’s existence

Cinder Cone Volcano Characteristics Type of Magma Granitic lava - only continental crust Shape “Narrow” base and the steep sides Cone-shaped Type of Eruption Very Explosive – due to high content of gases in magma Loud Eruptions Pyroclastic (aka - tephra) explosions mixtures of hot, dry rock fragments and hot gases Examples: Paricutin (Mexico) Cerro Nego (Nicaragua)

Paricutin 1944 1946 1948 Located in Mexico February 20, 1943—Farmer noticed bulge growing in cornfield-within week grew to 100 meters in height Within five months of the first eruption, the town was evacuated and lay covered in ash and lava Only one eruption in history—lasted from 1943 to 1952 1944 1946 1948

Composite Volcanoes AKA: Stratovolcanoes Type of Magma granitic and/or basaltic lava Shape Tall and Wide Moderately steep Type of Eruption Explosive or non-explosive eruptions in different eruptions Loud or Quiet Eruption Pyroclastic (Tephra) or Lava Flows Examples Mount St. Helens (Cascades) Mount Hood (Cascades) Mount Rainier (Cascades) Krakatoa (Indonesia) Vesuvius (Italy) Fujiyama (Japan)

Mount St. Helens Located in the state of Washington, USA in the Cascades Range First estimated eruption occurred about 10,000 years ago 57 people died in the 1980 eruption, one of the most powerful eruptions in its history Video Clip

Currently Active Volcanoes http://www.volcanodiscovery.com/erupting_volcanoes.html

Volcanic Eruption Detection Geologists can predict volcanic eruptions to a certain degree by monitoring the following: Earthquakes Gas emission changes Mountain deformation via GPS and satellites

Crater a circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity. It is typically a basin, circular in form within which occurs a vent (or vents) from which magma erupts as gases, lava, and ejecta

Caldera a cauldron-like volcanic feature usually formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption. Video clip