Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case M I C R O B I O L O G Y a n i n t r o d u c t i o n ninth edition TORTORA  FUNKE  CASE Part A 24 Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Microbial Diseases of the Upper Respiratory System  Laryngitis: S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, viruses  Tonsillitis: S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, viruses  Sinusitis: Bacteria  Epiglottitis: H. influenzae

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Upper Respiratory System  Upper respiratory normal microbiota may include pathogens Figure 24.1

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat)  Streptococcus pyogenes  Resistant to phagocytosis  Streptokinases lyse clots  Streptolysins are cytotoxic  Diagnosis by indirect agglutination Figure 24.3

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scarlet Fever  Streptococcus pyogenes  Pharyngitis  Erythrogenic toxin produced by lysogenized S. pyogenes Figure 24.4

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Diphtheria  Corynebacterium diphtheriae: Gram-positive rod  Diphtheria membrane of fibrin, dead tissue, and bacteria  Diphtheria toxin produced by lysogenized C. diphtheriae  Prevented by DTaP and Td vaccine (Diphtheria toxoid)  Cutaneous diphtheria: Infected skin wound leads to slow healing ulcer

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Diphtheria Figure 24.6

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Otitis Media  S. pneumoniae (35%)  H. influenzae (20-30%)  M. catarrhalis (10-15%)  S. pyogenes (8-10%)  S. aureus (1-2%)  Treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics  Incidence of S. pneumoniae reduced by vaccine Figure 24.7

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Common cold  Rhinoviruses (50%)  Coronaviruses (15-20%)

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Microbial Diseases of the Lower Respiratory System  Bacteria, viruses, and fungi cause  Bronchitis  Bronchiolitis  Pneumonia

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lower Respiratory System  The ciliary escalator keeps the lower respiratory system sterile. Figure 24.2

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pertussis (Whooping Cough)  Bordetella pertussis: Gram- negative coccobacillus  Capsule  Tracheal cytotoxin of cell wall damaged ciliated cells  Pertussis toxin  Prevented by DTaP vaccine (acellular Pertussis cell fragments) Figure 24.8

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pertussis (Whooping Cough)  Stage 1: Catarrhal stage, like common cold  Stage 2: Paroxysmal stage: Violent coughing sieges  Stage 3: Convalescence stage