STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Foundations of Technology, Third Edition/ Technology, Engineering, and Design GET YOUR NOTEBOOK Presentation 3.2.1 Unit 3: Design Lesson 2: Design Process © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Reminder: Take Notes in Your Engineering Design Journal (EDJ) I do random notebook checks Teachers should direct students to take notes in their EDJs and prompt students to actively participate in the discussion, based on their experiences in the Engagement and Exploration activities. © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Big Idea The Engineering Design Process is: A systematic, iterative problem solving method that produces solutions to meet human wants and needs. Big ideas should be made explicit to students by writing them on the board and/or reading them aloud. For deeper understanding, have students write the Big Idea in their own Engineering design Journal (EDJ), using their own words, if they choose. © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
Scientific Method versus Engineering Design Process STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Scientific Method versus Engineering Design Process Directions: Place the descriptors in the appropriate box to describe the Scientific Method and the Engineering Design Process Human Needs and Wants Hypothesis Exact Starting Point Closed Ended Continuous Improvement Identify Constraints Design Defined Linear Procedure Scientific Method Engineering Design Process © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Answers How did you do? Scientific Method Exact Starting Point Hypothesis Closed Ended Defined Linear Procedure Engineering Design Process Human Needs and Wants Continuous Improvement Design Identify Constraints © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Problem Solving There are a variety of formal and informal problem-solving strategies and models beyond the Scientific Method and the Engineering Design Process mentioned in this presentation. The process of engineering design takes into account a number of factors. © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Science Science: The study of the history of the natural world and how the natural world works, based on observable physical evidence. Scientific Method: The processes of discovery and demonstration, generally involving the observation of phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis concerning the phenomena, experimentation to demonstrate the truth or falseness of the hypothesis, and a conclusion that validates or modifies the hypothesis. © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
Steps in the Scientific Method STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Steps in the Scientific Method Name the problem or question Form a hypothesis and make a prediction Test hypothesis Interpret results/hypothesis Report results © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Engineering Design Engineering Design: The systematic application of mathematical, scientific and technical principles, to build products that meet our needs and desires. The process of engineering design takes into account a number of factors. Engineering Design Process: A systematic, iterative, problem-solving strategy, with criteria and constraints, used to develop many possible solutions to a problem to satisfy human needs and wants. © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
Engineering Design Process Steps STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Engineering Design Process Steps 12. Communicate Results 1. Define Problem 2. Brainstorm Possible Solutions 11. Create/Make Product 10. Refine/Improve 3. Research Ideas/ Explore Possibilities 9. Test and Evaluate 4. Specify Constraints and Identify Criteria 8. Make Model/ Prototype 5. Consider Alternative Solutions Students should check their work from the Exploration activity. The teacher may want to engage in discussion about how student results differed and why. The teacher explains: In the next slides, we will go over each of these steps. 7. Develop a Written Design Proposal 6. Select an Approach © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Define Problem By defining the problem, the designer clearly outlines what human need or want exists to solve the problem. Often design problems are not clearly defined. Designers may have to investigate to define the problem. For example, a company might call you in and ask you to solve the problem of the company losing money. It would be up to you to determine why the company is losing money and exactly what the problem is you need to fix to help them stop losing money. © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
Brainstorm Possible Solutions STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Brainstorm Possible Solutions After defining the problem, designers begin to generate ideas without consideration of limitations to the design. Brainstorming is a group problem-solving design process in which each person in the group presents his or her ideas in an open forum. Brainstorming sessions can be individuals or in groups. © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
Research Ideas/ Explore Possibilities STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Research Ideas/ Explore Possibilities This is a step where designers can let their imaginations run free with suggestions from the brainstorming session. After brainstorming, designers must conduct research to determine if a solution to the problem already exists, there is another solution/product that could be adapted to solve the problem or there may be mathematical or scientific information related to the problem that needs to be collected through research. Designers begin to explore the possibilities generated during the brainstorming session and the research gathered. © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
Specify Constraints and Identify Criteria STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Specify Constraints and Identify Criteria Identifying criteria and specifying constraints will provide the basis for what the design should be and what its limits are. Criteria identify the desired elements and features of a product or system. Constraints involve the limitations on a design. The possibilities are measured up against the defined criteria and constraints. © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
Consider Alternative Solutions STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Consider Alternative Solutions Other solutions could work just as well as the one selected by the designer. Other solutions might be simpler or less expensive and therefore more desirable. © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Select an Approach Based on the analysis during the exploration of possibilities, the designer chooses the solution he/she feels best meets the criteria and constraints. The selection of an approach is closely documented, in the event that the solution does not work and the designer needs to repeat steps of the design process. © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
Develop a Written Design Proposal STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Develop a Written Design Proposal A design proposal is a written plan that specifies what the design will look like and what resources are needed to develop it. It can be communicated through sketches, drawings, models and written instructions. © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Make Model / Prototype Models allow designers to make a smaller version without having to invest time and money into making the larger item. Physical, mathematical and graphic models are utilized at this point in the design process. Prototype: model that performs exactly as the final solution would and is used for testing. Mock up: model that physically looks like the final solution, but does not perform as the final solution. © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Test and Evaluate Models and/or prototypes: how well the design meets the established criteria and to provide areas where refinement is needed. Data is collected from testing to assist in the next step. © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Refine/Improve Based on the evaluation and testing results, designers refine the design of the product. Refinement and improvement includes: Function (making it better), Economic (giving it market appeal), Ethical (making it safer). © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Create / Make Product The product is then mass produced to be sold to the target market. Designers and Engineers work together to design a cost effective and time efficient process for producing the product. © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Communicate Results Designers need to communicate their results to perpetuate innovation and so others with similar problems can learn from their design process. Communication of the design process can include Design portfolios Journals Drawings Sketches Schematics © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ [Name of Course Guide] © International Technology Education Assoc