Chapter 2 frontispiece. The crescent moon as seen through Earth’s thin upper atmosphere E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: NASA 007

Figure 2.1. The layered structure of the atmosphere E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Hartmann,

Figure 2.2. The decreases in air and vapor pressure with altitude E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Hartmann,

Figure 2.3. Idealized surface and global wind patterns E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. 010

Figure 2.4. The Northern Hemisphere polar jet stream E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: NASA 011

Figure 2.5. Contrasting wind patterns during the (a) winter and (b) summer monsoons over southwestern Asia and the northern Indian Ocean E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Hartmann,

Figure 2.6. The North Atlantic Oscillation in its (a) positive and (b) negative phases E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Martin Visbeck, IFM-GEOMAR, University of Kiel 013

Cl + O 3  ClO + O 2 atomic chlorine + ozone  chlorine monoxide + oxygen ClO + O  Cl + O 2 chlorine monoxide + atomic oxygen  atomic chlorine + molecular oxygen Destruction of ozone by chlorine E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. p

Figure 2.7. The ozone hole E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: NASA 015