Issues in the Study of Islam 1. Language 2. Dating 3. Categorisation 4. Point of view 5. A diverse and evolving tradition 6. Names

Salah al-Din Ṣ alā ḥ al-Dīn SalaheddinSalah ad-Din Çelah ed-DinSaladin

Terms to Watch For 1. Islamic - Islamicate 2. Muslim World - Islamic World - Islamdom 3. Arab 4. Arabic Bilad al-Sham

Beware… Primary Sources - written during historical period Secondary Sources written by modern scholars Your own point of view! Consider background, motives, agendas, etc.

Muslim Names 1. ism - given name Usually one of: 1. Arabic name (e.g. Husayn, Muhammad) 2. Qur’anic form of Biblical name (e.g. Sulayman, Yusuf) 3. Compound name (e.g. ‘Abd Allah, ‘Abd al-Rahman) 4. Non-Arabic name

Muslim Names 2. nasab - pedigree - usually after ism In Arabic, “ibn” (son of) or “bint” (daughter of) plus name of father or ancestor (e.g. ibn Yusuf, bint Muhammad) In Persian, “i” or “-zade” is used to indicate descent, as in Hasan-i-Sabbah or Shahrazade In Turkish, “-oghlu” or “-zade” is used, as in Inci Turkoghlu or Shahrazade

Muslim Names 3. kunya - parentage - usually before ism or after nasab “Abu” (father of) or “umm” (mother of) plus name of first child or epithet (e.g. Abu’l-Hul, Umm Kulthum)

Muslim Names 4. laqab - honorific - usually at start or end of name, can have more than one Often word plus “al-Din” (of the faith), “al-Dawla” (of the state) or “al-Mulk” (of the kingdom). Also common is “al-Malik” (the king) plus an epithet. Examples: Sayf al-Dawla (sword of the state), Shams al-Din (sun of the faith), al-Malik al-Afdal (the best king), al-Mutanabbi (the one claiming prophet-hood), al-Jahiz (the one with the bulging eyes)

Muslim Names 5. nisba - indicator of origin or descriptor - usually at end of name, can have more than one Often end in -i (if male) or -iyya (if female). Examples: al-Qudsi/al-Qudsiyya (of Jerusalem), al-Shafi‘i/al-Shafi‘iyya (follower of the legal school of al-Shafi‘i), al-Sulami/al-Sulamiyya (of the tribe of Sulaym), al-Turki/al-Turkiyya (the Turk)

al-Malik al-Nasir Salah al-Din Abu’l-Muzaffar Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadhi al-Kurdi