Introduction to Engineering Chabot Engineering Introduction to Engineering Bruce Mayer, PE Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu

10 HARDEST Jobs to Fill in the USA Skilled/Manual Trades (Welding) Engineers Information Tech Staff (ESYS) Sales Representatives (AS Marketing) Accounting & Finance Staff (AS Actng) Technicians (Automotive Technology) Drivers Nursing (Chabot RN & LVN) Machinist/Machine Operators (MTT) Teachers (T.E.A.M. Program) http://manpowergroup.us/campaigns/talent-shortage-2012/ Skilled Trades examples = carpenter, electrician, HVAC, aviation mechanic, plumber, pipefitter, welder T.E.A.M. = Teacher Education and Mentoring Program

What is Engineering? Two Types of Definitions Career Description Career Based Functional Career Description Engineering is a CAREER and a PROFESSION Requires Special Education, Training, and Experience For a Working Lifetime of Practice Not Quite Analogous to Physicians & Attorneys License NOT required to Practice in Most Cases Except for CIVIL Engineers CE is Practice Regulated

What is Engineering? Cont.1 Best “Professional” Analogy → Certified Public Accountant (CPA) Licenses Granted by States Must Meet Strict Educational, Practice, and Testing Criteria to Earn the Professional Engineer (P.E.) Title Currently 1.6M Engineers in the USA About 20% Hold Professional Licenses http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos027.htm#training 1.6M is a 2008 figure from http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos027.htm

P.E. Exclusives Some Engineering Functions can NOT be done by UNlicensed Engineers ALL Civil Engineering Designs MUST be “Signed Off” or “Stamped” by a Registered, Professional Engineer

 Technical Product Creation  What is Engineering? Short Answer → Student Suggestions first  Technical Product Creation  The Output of ALL Engineering is The Solution to a Practical Problem Fulfillment of a Practical Need Long Answer → Technology Creation Through the Application of the Quantitative (Number-Based) Disciplines Mathematics Sciences; e.g., Physics, Chemistry, Biology Empiricism (Experiments and Tests)

Engineering Fields Let’s Make a WhiteBoard List of the Types of Engineers

What do Engineers Do? Dozens of Branches of Engineering; The Major Disciplines include: Civil Engineering (CE) Archetypical Products = Bridges, Buildings, Roadways, Water Systems Chemical Engineering (ChemE) Archetypical Products = Oil & Gas Refineries, Plastic-Making Machinery UCB CE => Built Environment

What Do Engineers Do? Cont.1 Electrical/Electronic Engineering (EE) Archetypical Products = Integrated Circuits (“computer chips”) WireLess Comm (WiFi IEEE 802.11an) Industrial/Manufact. Engineering (IE) Archetypical Products = Efficient Factories Materials Science & Engineering (MSE) Archetypical Products = High Performance Metals, Ceramics, Composites (graphite)

What Do Engineers Do? Cont.2 Computer Engineering (CompE) Combines EE-Hardware with ComputerSci Bio(Medical) Engineering Archetypical Products = Biomaterials/Tissue, Biomedical Electronics & Imaging, Biomechanical Devices Mechanical Engineering (ME) Heat & Fluid-Flow Distribution Machinery (automobiles, pumps, mach-tools)

Engineering vs. Science Let’s Make a WhiteBoard List of the Differences Richardson and Dushman calculated the expected emission rate by treating the photocathode as an energy well with a barrier approximated by a Coulombic potential [3]. They derived the Richardson Dushman (R-D) equation: where A0 is the Richardson’s constant:

Engineering vs. Science Engineering is Closely Related to Science & Math, but it is NOT the SAME Scientists seek to UNDERSTAND WHAT IS, while Engineers seek to CREATE THAT WHICH NEVER WAS - Theodore von Kármán, CalTech Professor, and the Father of Modern AeroSpace Engineering

Engineer  Applied Scientist Engineers take BASIC Scientific Discoveries and turn them into things that are USEFUL to people. In that role, Engineers are the agents of PROGRESS for Human Society From: STANFORD ENGINEERING NEWSZINE – Summer 2008, Pg-1 Prof. Jim Plummer, Dean of the Stanford School of Engineering

Engineer  Applied Scientist The First Laser Laser Sheet-Metal Cutting Machine Engineering Theodore Harold Maiman was born in 1927 in Los Angeles, son of an electrical engineer. He studied engineering physics at Colorado University, while repairing electrical appliances to pay for college, and then obtained a Ph.D. in Physic s from Stanford in 1955. Theodore Maiman constructed this first laser in 1960 while working at Hughes Research Laboratories (T.H. Maiman, "Stimulated optical radiation in ruby lasers", Nature, 187, 493, 1960). There is a vertical chromium ion doped ruby rod in the center of a helical xenon flash tube. The ruby rod has mirrored ends. The xenon flash provides optical pumping of the chromium ions in the ruby rod. The output is a pulse of red laser light.

What is COOL about Engineering? Solving Challenging Problems Opportunity to DESIGN, BUILD, and TEST Products that People Really Use Engineering is a CREATIVE endeavor The Root of the Word “Engineer” is Ingenium (Think “Ingenious”) ; Not Engine Chance to Learn New Things Engineering is about Progress; an Engineer’s Knowledge & Skills progress as well

Concept Drawing for IC Manuf. Machine Tool

What is COOL about Engineering? Cont.1 Working with People That’s Right; Not all Engineers are “Nerds” Complex Technology Must Be Made Useful to the Non-Technical Person Engineers, aside from applied Math/Sci, manage Projects and Organizations Some of the BEST Managers in Recent Times have Been Engineers by Training Andrew Grove of INTEL → Ph.D. Chem Eng Jack Welch of GE → Ph.D. Chem Eng James Morgan of Applied Matls → BS Mech Eng Grove from UCBerkeley; Welch from Univ. of Illinois; Morgan from Cornell => BSME & MBA

What is COOL about Engineering? Cont.1 Publishing Technical Papers Thousands of Engineering/Technical Journals Publish The Results of Engineer’s Analyses, Designs, Experiments

What is COOL about Engineering? Cont.2 Earning Patents Earning A Patent Requires the Advancement of a Practical Art; This is what Engineers do USA Constitution, Article 1, Section 8 (Powers Granted to Congress): Clause 8: To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries

What is COOL about Engineering? Cont.2 Engage in Professional Activities Attend/Present-At Technical Conferences Attend Trade-Shows Society Membership (ASCE, IEEE, ASME) See the World – Engineers often Travel Special Knowledge/Skills Can often ONLY be Transmitted In-Person Promote/Explain Product to Customers Install Product, Train Users β-Site Product-Testing

Emperor’s Palace - Tokyo

Arc de Triomphe – Paris

Arc de Triomphe From Eiffel Tower Paris At Sunset In The SpringTime

Camera & Inspection-Tool Factory – Tatsuno, Nagano, Jp

The Bottom Line There are VERY FEW Academic Disciplines Where One Can Move into the PRIVATE Business Sector with only a Baccalaureate (4yr) Degree TWO Primary Categories Engineering Business Difficult for Most Liberal Arts Disciplines Somewhat Easier for the Sciences

Engineering Noted in GREEN Color

Hass School BUS added

¿¿Class Question?? Which of the Following Professions do you think has the MOST Practitioners? Accountant Architect Chemist Dentist Engineer Lawyer Medical Doctor http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nat.htm#00-0000

USA May 2009 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates => http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nat.htm#00-0000

WorkLoad When I was an Engineering Mgr I expected Those Engineers Who Reported to Me to Work an AVERAGE of 45 hrs/wk 2004 National Survey of Mechanical Design Engrs

Job (dis)Satisfaction Satisfaction Factors Challenging work assignments Work environment and colleagues Constantly changing technology Good compensation Good job security DISsatifaction Factors Too much NonEngineering work Lack of support from management Uncertainty in job market Poor compensation No potential for advancement 2004 National Survey of Mechanical Design Engrs

Engineering is Fun (Really...☺) An overwhelming majority of survey takers, 91%, feel that engineering is FUN. Their reasons include the chance to tackle challenging problems and doing something different every day. "I like solving problems, being the hero." "I get paid to break things." "So many challenges! New stuff to play with around every corner." "I love proving others wrong." "I'm like a kid in a candy shop.“ “Engineering Rocks”

Thank You UC Berkeley Placement Center Job Offers Circa Jan 1979 Thank You UC Berkeley Placement Center ~$66k in 2014-$

Resume Used to Obtain 12 Job Offers Circa Nov78

Chabot Engineering Transfer Universities  Within Driving Distance  CA-TaxPayer-Supported Universities with which Chabot has formal course transferability (articulation) agreements CSU – East Bay (4.5 miles) UCBerkeley (21.6 miles) San Jose State University (31.2 miles) San Francisco State University (31.4 miles) Distances are from the CHABOT CAMPUS

Chabot Engineering Transfer Universities  Within Driving Distance  Private Universities with which Chabot does NOT have formal course transferability (articulation) agreements → Students Much CHECK with the University about Course Transferability Stanford University (21.9 miles) Santa Clara University (SCU) (28.9 miles) Distances are from the CHABOT CAMPUS

UC Berkeley Transfer “TAP” http://cep.berkeley.edu/TAP TAP prepares underserved community college students throughout California to be competitive transfer applicants to UC Berkeley and other four year colleges.

Chabot Connection to Mars Rover Chabot Engineering Chabot Connection to Mars Rover Bruce Mayer, PE Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu

Chabot Engineering at SJSU Measuring the TCR of Copper Metal Chabot Students in the San Jose State University Materials Engineering Lab

Chabot Engineering Transfer Student and UCBerkeley Mechanical Engineering Student, Mr. Robert Irwin, Poses before “CalSol[1]”, the UCBerkeley Solar Electric Vehicle at Soquel High School on 25Apr09. Mr. Irwin Leads the Steering & Suspension Design Team [1] http://calsol.berkeley.edu/blog/index.php

Chabot Engineering Transfer Student and UCBerkeley Mechanical Engineering Student, Mr. Robert Irwin, Poses before the UCBerkeley College of Engineering Graduation Ceremony 16May10. FIVE Chabot students received Engineering Degrees this day Mr. Irwin accepted a Mechanical Engineering Position with CalTech’s Jet Propulsion Lab

NASA’s Mars “Curiosity” Rover http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/building_curiosity.html → Has LOTS of good videos

Mr. Irwin → Engineering at JPL Curiosity Rover Robert Irwin

R. Irwin with the HEAD of NASA http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/bolden-cf.html Robert Irwin Mechanical Engineer Charles F. Bolden, Jr. NASA ADMINISTRATOR

Remember... Engineering is Way Cool All Done for Today Remember... Engineering is Way Cool http://www.kerryr.net/pioneers/boole.htm George Boole (1815 - 1864) The original Working Class Boy Made Good, Boole was born in the wrong time, in the wrong place, and definitely in the wrong class - he didn't have a hope of growing up to be a mathematical genius, but he did it anyway. Born in the English industrial town of Lincoln, Boole was lucky enough to have a father who passed along his own love of math. Young George took to learning like a politician to a pay-rise and, by the age of eight, had outgrown his father's self-taught limits. A family friend stepped in to teach the boy basic Latin, and was exhausted within a few years. Boole was translating Latin poetry by the age of twelve. By the time he hit puberty, the adolescent George was fluent in German, Italian and French. At 16 he became an assistant teacher, at 20 he opened his own school. Over the next few years, depending mainly on mathematical journals borrowed from the local Mechanic's Institute, Boole struggled with Isaac Newton's "Principia" and the works of 18th and 19th century French mathematicians Pierre-Simon Laplace and Joseph-Louis Lagrange. He had soon mastered the most intricate mathematical principles of his day. It was time to move on. At the ripe old age of 24, George Boole published his first paper ("Researches on the Theory of Analytical Transformations") in the Cambridge Mathematical Journal. Over the next ten years, his star rose as a steady stream of original articles began to push the limits of ‘modern’ mathematics. By 1844 he was concentrating on the uses of combined algebra and calculus to process infinitely small and large figures, and, in that same year, received a Royal Society medal for his contributions to analysis. Boole soon began to see the possibilities for applying his algebra to the solution of logical problems - his 1847 work, "The Mathematical Analysis of Logic", not only expanded on Gottfried Leibniz' earlier speculations on the correlation between logic and math, but argued that logic was principally a discipline of mathematics, rather than philosophy. It was this paper that won him, not only the admiration of the distinguished logician Augustus de Morgan (a mentor of Ada Byron's), but a place on the faculty of Ireland's Queen's College. Not bad for a dead-end kid with no formal education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Without a school to run, Boole began to delve deeper into his own work, concentrating on refining his "Mathematical Analysis", and determined to find a way to encode logical arguments into an indicative language that could be manipulated and solved mathematically. He came up with a type of linguistic algebra, the three most basic operations of which were (and still are) AND, OR and NOT. It was these three functions that formed the basis of his premise, and were the only operations necessary to perform comparisons or basic mathematical functions. Boole's system (Detailed in his "An Investigation of the Laws of Thought, on Which Are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities", 1954) was based on a binary approach, processing only two objects - the now famous yes-no, true-false, on-off, zero-one approach. Surprisingly, given his standing in the academic community, Boole's idea was either criticized or completely ignored by the majority of his peers. Luckily for us, American logician Charles Sanders Peirce was a little more open-minded. Twelve years after Boole's "Investigation" was published, Pierce gave a brief speech describing Boole's ideas to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences - and then spent more than 20 years modifying and expanding it, realising its potential for use in electronic circuitry and eventually designing a fundamental electrical logic-circuit. Pierce never actually built his theoretical logic-circuit, being himself more of a logician than an electrician, but he did introduce Boolean algebra into his University logic-philosophy courses. Eventually, one bright student - Claude Shannon - picked up the idea and ran with it. With George Boole's "Mathematical Analysis" and "Investigation", Boolean algebra, sometimes known as Boolean logic, came into being. His two-value system, separating arguments into different classes which may then be processed according to the presence or absence of a certain property, enabled any proposition - regardless of the number of individual items - to draw logical conclusions. Boole's texts, including his "Treatise on Differential Equations" (1859) and "Treatise on the Calculus of Finite Differences" (1860) led to the development of applications he could never have imagined. Okay - want to know just what is so logical about Boolean algebra?

Notre Dame Cathedral