LIPIDS Daniel Bučánek Jan Gembík.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Lipids Triglycerides- fats and oils Phospoglycerides- lecithin
Advertisements

1 18.1Lipids 18.2Fatty Acids Chapter 18 Lipids. 2 Lipids Lipids are: Biomolecules that contain fatty acids or a steroid nucleus. Soluble in organic solvents,
Chapter 13 Lipids Chemistry 20. Lipids - Family of bimolecules. - They are soluble in organic solvents but not in water (nonpolar). 1. Store energy: fat.
Fatty Acids. Long-chain carboxylic acids that have an even number (usually 12-18) of carbon atoms. Long-chain carboxylic acids that have an even number.
Notes Chapter 5 p.2 : Lipids
Lipids. Lipids  Made up of C, H and O  Can exist as fats, oils and waxes  They are insoluble in water  They are a good source of energy  (9 k cal.
Lipids.
Introduction to Lipids. What are Lipids ?? Lipids are organic compounds which are related to fatty acids Lipids are insoluble in water & soluble in nonpolar.
Chapter 21 Lipids Chemistry B11. Lipids - Family of bimolecules. - They are not defined by a particular functional group, thus they have a variety of.
What are lipids? Lipids are
LIPIDS I.
The Macronutrients - Lipids Chapter 1. Lipids  Lipid is a general term for a heterogeneous group of compounds. Oils, fats, waxes, and related compounds.
1 Esterification Alcohols and carboxylic acids react to form esters in a reaction known as esterification. The reverse reaction is hydrolysis. Hydrolysis.
AP Biology Intro to Organic Molecules & Lipids AP Biology Life is based on Carbon Carbon atoms are versatile building blocks Special bonding properties.
LIPIDS.
Lipids Function of Lipids
Lipids
Chemistry 2100 Chapter 21. Lipids Fatty Acids oleic acid (mp 4°C) stearic acid (mp 70°C)
Fats and Lipids.
CHEM 1152 Dr. Sheppard Spring 2015
Fatty Acids - Fatty acids  R-COOH (R is a long hydrocarbon chain) are the major components of triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids.
Lipids. Macromolecule #2: Lipids  Hydrophobic (nonpolar) = insoluble in water  Contain C, H, O (less O than carbs), sometimes P Main types: Triglycerides.
Lipids Lipids are energy storage in cell membrane and regulators of cell metabolism. Lipids are hydrophobic biological compounds that are insoluble in.
1 Chapter 15: Lipids Chem 20 El Camino College. 2 Lipids Lipids are a family of biomolecules that are not soluble in water but can be extracted by organic.
1 Chapter 8: Outline 8.1 Fatty Acids 8.2 Waxes 8.3 Triglycerides (or triacylglyceries) 8.4 Phospholipids and Glycolipids 8.5 Steroids 8.6 Eicosanoids 8.7.
What is Lipid Lipids: insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents including diethyl ether, chloroform, methylene chloride, and acetone Amphipathic:
Lipids By Umair, Manjit, and Rajat.  Lipids are a biological macromolecule composed of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen atoms  However the ratio of oxygen.
Lipid metabolism By Dr. Hoda Gad. OBJECTIVES BY THE END OF THESE LECTURES, STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO:  Understand the structure of lipids including 
ARE LIPIDS BAD FOR US? GOOD VS. BAD. Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules Lipids are the one class of large biological molecules that do.
Lipids: Fats & Oils.
Lipids *organic molecules with long hydrocarbon chains (nonpolar) *Contain C, H, and O Major functions in the body: (Positive) * energy storage * insulate.
Lipids.
Lipids and Their Functions in Biochemical Systems
Lipids. LIPIDS Lipids are a large and diverse group of naturally occurring organic compounds that are related by their solubility in nonpolar organic.
Lipids.
5.3: Lipids Introduction Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules Lipids are the one class of large biological molecules that do not form polymers.
What are Lipids n Fat n Triglycerides n Phospholipids n Similar to triglycerides but: n with a Phosphoric acid n Steroids n.
LIPIDS II. CLASSIFICATION OF FATTY ACIDS PRESENT AS GLYCERIDES IN FOOD FATS I. Saturated Fatty Acids Butyric ButanoicCH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 COOHbutterfat CaproicHexanoic.
BIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT MACROMOLECULES - LIPIDS. LIPIDS Fats Composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen -Fewer oxygen, greater carbon and hydrogen Hydrophobic.
Lipids Learning objectives:
Lipids 11/04/10. –Many contain carbon chains called fatty acids (monomer). –Fats and oils contain fatty acids bonded to glycerol. –Do not dissolve in.
LIPIDS The Molecules of Cells CH 3. Lipids Lipids include fats, which are mostly energy-storage molecules Lipids include fats, which are mostly energy-storage.
Lipids C, H, and O but C:H ratio is 1:2 Much less O than CHO Eg. Lauric acid C 12 H 24 O 2 Energy source and structural component of cells Intake of fat.
Biochemistry Lipids.
The Cholesterol Content of Selected Meats and Dairy Products. Cholesterol and fats transported thru bloodstream in the form of round particles called.
CH 8: Lipids.
Biochemistry Unit.  Lipids are macromolecules that provide long term energy storage, insulation, cushioning of internal organs and are the main component.
Chapter 18: Lipids.
LIPIDS.
CAPE BIOLOGY UNIT 1 SEPTEMBER 24, 2010 MRS. HAUGHTON.
Lipids Fatty Acids Fats Phospholipids Steroids Waxes.
 Lipids have three important roles in human biochemistry  Energy is stored within fat cells  Help to separate aqueous solutions in cell.
Lipids Los Altos High School Mr. Free Fall
AP Biology QOD: What is better for your health: Butter, Margarine, Olive Oil or Crisco? LG: Understand the structure and function of different types of.
Lipids. Lipids  Lipids are fats (solid), oils (liquid), waxes and phospholipids  Lipids contain carbon (C), Oxygen (O), Hydrogen (H) and sometimes other.
What is Lipid Lipids: Lipids: insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents including diethyl ether, chloroform, methylene chloride, and acetone.
Lipids. peanut butter is 51% fat Lipids Lipids include commonly called substances - fats, oils, waxes, steroids & phospholipids They are made almost.
6 Lipids, Membranes and Cells. Table 3.1 The Building Blocks of Organisms 15% 7% 2% 26% 2% Water 70%
Lipids Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Lipids.
Chapter 3: Biochemistry
Macromolecule -- Lipids
Chemistry B11 Chapter 15 Lipids.
LIPIDS.
بيوشيمي عمومي LIPIDS 1.
LIPIDS & PROTEINS.
Lipids.
Lipids Fats, Oils, and Waxes.
THEME: Lipids: classification, structure and biological role.
Lipids *organic molecules with long hydrocarbon chains (nonpolar)
Presentation transcript:

LIPIDS Daniel Bučánek Jan Gembík

Lipids Fatty acids Glycerides Nonglycerol lipids Complex lipids

Types of lipids Fatty acids Saturated Unsaturated Glycerides Neutra Phospoglycerides Nonglycerides Sphingolipids Steroid Waxes Complex lipids Lipoproteins Glykolipids

Lipid functions Cell membrane structure Creates a barrier for the cell Controls flow of materials Energy storage Fats stored in adipose tissue Hormones and vitamins Hormones – communication between cells Vitamins – assist in the regulation of biological processes

Fatty acids structure CH3(CH2)nCOOH Long chain monocarboxylic acids Size range: C12 – C14 Always an even number of carbon Saturated – no double bonds Unsaturated – one or more double bonds

Fatty acids structure Saturated Unsaturated cis trans

Some common fatty acids Common name IUPAC name MP °C Formula Presence of double bonds reduced melting point. In nature, all double bonds are ´cis´.

Steric acid Oleic acid

Reactions of fatty acids React like any other carboxylic acid.

Unsaturated fatty acids eicosanoids All are unsaturated. All have twenty carbons. Some are essential fatty acids Can´t be produced by the body. examples: linoleic and linoleic acids Three groups: prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes

Prostaglandins Originaly isolated from seminal fluid. All are derived from arachidonic acid.

Prostaglandins

Prostaglandins Biological effect Stimulation of smooth muscles Regulation of steroid production Inhibition of gastric secretion Inhibition of hormone-sensitive lipases Inhibition / stimulation of plate aggregation Regulation of nerve transmission Sensitization of pain Mediation of inflamantory response

Blood clotting Thromboxane A2 Produced by platelets in blood. Stimulates constrictions of blood vessel. Aggregation of platelets. Prostacyclin Produced by cells that line blood vessels. Reverses effects of throbmoxane A2 Aspirin therapy Acts as anticoagulent – antiplatelet aggregation.

Inflammantory response Protective mechanism when tissue is damaged. Ressults in swelling, redness, fever and pain. Prostaglandins promote this response. Drug like aspirin and ibuprofen Anti - inflammatories Block prostaglandins synthesis Cause reduction in this response

Neutral glycerides Ester of glycerol and fatty acid. Principal function is energy storage – fat or oil.

Fats and oils Both are triglycerides Fats typically obtained from animals solids at room temperature made from saturated fatty acids Oils typically obtained from plants liquids at room temperature made from unsaturated fatty acids

Waxes Water insoluble and hard to hydrolyze Often used to provide a protective coating (leaves, skin, fur, hair….) Bees wax and Sebum are examples Ester of a fatty acid and a long chain alcohol

Phospoglycerides Lipids that contain a phosphate group. Modified fat where a phospate replaces one of the fatty acid chain. Uses production of cell membrenes emulsifying agents Lecithin-phosphatidylcholin Polar head Nonpolar tail

Nonglycerol lipids Sphingolipids A type of phospolipid not derived from fat. Used primarily in nerve tissue – myelin sheath. In people, 25% of all lipids are sphingolipids.

Steroids Broad class of compounds that all have the same base structure. Cholesterol Principal membrane lipid for fluidity.

Complex lipids Lipids bound to other molecules Combination results in the structure

Complex lipids Four major classes of plasma lipoproteins Chilomikrons Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) High-density lipoproteins (HDL) Each is composed of several types of lipids

Composition of complex lipoproteins

Composition of complex lipoproteins

Function of lipoproteins Chilomikrons Transport triglicerides from intestines to other tissue – except kdneys VLDL Bind triglycerides in liver and carry them to fat tissue LDL Carry choresterol to peripheral tissue HLD Bound to plasma choresterol Transport cholesterol to liver

Transport of lipoproteins

Source Some information from internet. Some information from lecture of Biochemistry. And some information from 12.Lesson with name Biochemistry.