Nobel Laureates in Physics (1901-1975) www.flashcardsinppt.com

for discovery of the Röntgen rays, commonly known as X-rays Wilhelm Röntgen 1901 for discovery of the Röntgen rays, commonly known as X-rays Germany

Hendrik Antoon Lorentz 1902 for research into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena Netherlands

for research into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena Pieter Zeeman 1902 for research into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena Netherlands

Antoine Henri Becquerel 1903 for discovery of spontaneous radioactivity France

for research on the radiation phenomena discovered by Henri Becquerel Pierre Curie 1903 for research on the radiation phenomena discovered by Henri Becquerel France

for research on the radiation phenomena discovered by Henri Becquerel Marie Curie 1903 for research on the radiation phenomena discovered by Henri Becquerel France

Lord Rayleigh 1904 for investigations of the densities of the most important gases and discovery of argon England

for his work on cathode rays Philipp Lenard 1905 for his work on cathode rays Germany

J. J. Thomson 1906 Great Britain for theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases Great Britain

Albert Abraham Michelson 1907 for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid U.S.A.

Gabriel Lippmann 1908 France for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference France

for development of wireless telegraphy Guglielmo Marconi 1909 for development of wireless telegraphy Italy

for development of wireless telegraphy Karl Ferdinand Braun 1909 for development of wireless telegraphy Germany

for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids Johannes van der Waals 1910 for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids Netherlands

for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat Wilhelm Wien 1911 for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat Germany

Gustaf Dalén 1912 for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys Sweden

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes 1913 for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led to the production of liquid helium Netherlands

for discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals Max von Laue 1914 for discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals Germany

Sir William Henry Bragg 1915 for services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays England

Sir William Lawrence Bragg 1915 for services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays England

Charles Barkla 1917 United Kingdom for his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements United Kingdom

Max Planck 1918 in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta Germany

Johannes Stark 1919 Germany for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields Germany

Charles Édouard Guillaume 1920 in recognition of his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys Switzerland

Albert Einstein 1921 Germany for his services to theoretical physics and discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect Germany

Niels Bohr 1922 for his investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them Denmark

Robert A. Millikan 1923 for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect U.S.A.

for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy Manne Siegbahn 1924 for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy Sweden

James Franck 1925 for the discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom Germany

Gustav Ludwig Hertz 1925 Germany for the discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom Germany

Jean Baptiste Perrin 1926 France for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium France

Arthur Compton 1927 discovery of Compton effect—the scattered quanta have less energy than the quanta of the original ray U.S.A.

Charles Wilson 1927 Scotland for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour Scotland

Owen Richardson 1928 United Kingdom for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and discovery of the law named after him United Kingdom

for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons Louis de Broglie 1929 for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons France

Sir C. V. Raman 1930 for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him India

Werner Heisenberg 1932 Germany for the creation of quantum mechanics, which has led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen Germany

discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory Erwin Schrödinger 1933 discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory Austria

discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory Paul Dirac 1933 discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory United Kingdom

for the discovery of the neutron Sir James Chadwick 1935 for the discovery of the neutron United Kingdom

for his discovery of cosmic radiation Victor Francis Hess 1936 for his discovery of cosmic radiation Austria/U.S.A.

for the discovery of positron and muon Carl David Anderson 1936 for the discovery of positron and muon U.S.A.

for discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals Clinton Davisson 1937 for discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals U.S.A.

for discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals Sir George Thomson 1937 for discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals England

Enrico Fermi 1938 for his demonstrations of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons Italy

Ernest Lawrence 1939 for the invention and development of the cyclotron, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements U.S.A.

Otto Stern 1943 for the development of the molecular ray method and discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton Germany

Isidor Isaac Rabi 1944 for creating resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei U.S.A.

Wolfgang Pauli 1945 Austria for discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle Austria

Percy Williams Bridgman 1946 for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries in the field of high pressure physics U.S.A.

Sir Edward Appleton 1947 England for his investigations of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the Appleton layer England

Patrick Blackett United Kingdom 1948 for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation United Kingdom

Hideki Yukawa 1949 for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces Japan

Cecil Frank Powell 1950 United Kingdom for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method United Kingdom

Sir John Cockcroft 1951 United Kingdom for the work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles United Kingdom

Ernest Walton 1951 for the work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles Ireland

Switzerland 1952 Felix Bloch for the development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements Switzerland

Edward Purcell 1952 for the development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements U.S.A.

Frits Zernike 1953 Netherlands for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, and invention of the phase contrast microscope Netherlands

Max Born 1954 for his research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wave function Germany/U.K.

for his discoveries in the framework of the coincidence method Walther Bothe 1954 for his discoveries in the framework of the coincidence method Germany

Willis Lamb 1955 for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum U.S.A.

for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron Polykarp Kusch 1955 for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron Germany/U.S.A.

John Bardeen 1956 for the researches on semiconductors and the discovery of the transistor effect U.S.A.

Walter Houser Brattain 1956 for the researches on semiconductors and the discovery of the transistor effect U.S.A.

William Shockley 1956 for the researches on semiconductors and the discovery of the transistor effect U.S.A.

Chen-Ning Yang 1957 China/U.S.A. for the investigation of the parity laws, leading to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles China/U.S.A. Chen-Ning Yang

Tsung-Dao Lee 1957 China/U.S.A. for the investigation of the parity laws, leading to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles China/U.S.A.

for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect Pavel Cherenkov 1958 for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect Russia

for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect Ilya Frank 1958 for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect Russia

for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect Igor Tamm 1958 for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect Russia

for the discovery of the antiproton Emilio G. Segrè 1959 for the discovery of the antiproton Italy

for the discovery of the antiproton Owen Chamberlain 1959 for the discovery of the antiproton U.S.A.

for the invention of the bubble chamber Donald A. Glaser 1960 for the invention of the bubble chamber U.S.A.

Robert Hofstadter 1961 for the discovery of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and structure of nucleons U.S.A.

Rudolf Mössbauer 1961 Germany for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery of the Mössbauer effect Germany

Lev Landau 1962 for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium Russia

Eugene Wigner 1963 Hungary/U.S.A. for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, through the application of fundamental symmetry principles Hungary/U.S.A.

for the discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure Maria Goeppert-Mayer 1963 for the discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure Germany/U.S.A.

for the discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure J. Hans D. Jensen 1963 for the discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure Germany

Charles Hard Townes 1964 U.S.A. for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle U.S.A.

Nikolay Basov 1964 for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle Russia

Alexander Prokhorov 1964 Russia for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle Russia

Sin-Itiro Tomonaga 1965 Japan for the fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles Japan

Julian Schwinger 1965 for the fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles U.S.A.

Richard Feynman 1965 for the fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles U.S.A.

Alfred Kastler 1966 for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms France

Hans Bethe 1967 Germany/U.S.A. for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning energy production in stars Germany/U.S.A.

Luis Walter Alvarez 1968 U.S.A. for his contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis U.S.A.

Murray Gell-Mann 1969 for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions U.S.A.

Hannes Alfvén 1970 for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro- dynamics with applications in different parts of plasma physics Sweden

Louis Néel 1970 for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics France

for his invention and development of the holographic method Dennis Gabor 1971 for his invention and development of the holographic method Hungary/U.K.

John Bardeen 1972 for the jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory U.S.A.

Leon Cooper 1972 for the jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory U.S.A.

John Robert Schrieffer 1972 for the jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory U.S.A.

Leo Esaki 1973 for the experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors Japan

Ivar Giaever 1973 Norway/U.S.A. for the experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors Norway/U.S.A.

1973 United Kingdom Brian Josephson for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular the Josephson effects United Kingdom

Martin Ryle 1974 for the pioneering research in radio astrophysics and his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique U.K.

Antony Hewish 1974 for the pioneering research in radio astrophysics and for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars U.K.

Aage Niels Bohr 1975 Denmark for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus Denmark

Ben Roy Mottelson 1975 Denmark/U.S.A. for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus Denmark/U.S.A.

James Rainwater 1975 for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus U.S.A.