Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Macromolecules

Focus on: u Elements in each molecule u How molecules are linked and unlinked u Examples and functions of each type of molecule

Macromolecules

Monomer AP Biology

Condensation Synthesis or Dehydration Synthesis

Hydrolysis

Four Main Types Of Macromolecules

For each Macromolecule know the following: u Elements it contains u Monomer units and structures u Examples u Uses or roles

Carbohydrates

Types Of Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

Examples

- OSE u Word ending common for many carbohydrates.

Disaccharides

Examples

Oligosaccharides

Polysaccharides

 glucose and  glucose

Starch

 glucose

Cellulose

 glucose

Comment

Glycogen

Starch

Lipids

Fats and Oils

Fatty Acids

AcidFat

Neutral Fats or Triacylglycerols

Saturated Fats Unsaturated Fats

Question u Why do fats usually contain saturated fatty acids and oils usually contain unsaturated fatty acids?

Fats

Question ? u Which has more energy, a kg of fat or a kg of starch?

Phospholipids

Result

Steroids

Proteins

Uses Of Proteins u Structure u Enzymes u Antibodies u Transport u Movement u Receptors u Hormones

Proteins

Amino Acids

R groups

Amino Acids

R groups

Polypeptide Chains

Levels Of Protein Structure

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Quaternary

Is Protein Structure Important?

Denaturing Of A Protein

Comment u Many other amino acids are possible (change the R group) u Whole new group of proteins with new properties can be made u Genetic engineering can use bacteria to make these new proteins

Nucleic Acids

Nitrogenous Bases

Pentose Sugar

Nucleosides and Nucleotides

DNA

RNA

DNA and RNA u More will be said about DNA and RNA in future lessons.

Summary u Role of hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis u For each macromolecule, know the following: u Elements and monomers u Structures u Functions