Teen Living Objective 7.02 Assess Personal Eating Habits Nutrients

Nutrients Nutrients are chemicals in food They help the body work properly

Classes of Nutrients Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Water Vitamins minerals

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates provide the body with ready energy

Grains, Vegetables, & Fruits All of these provide complex carbohydrates as well as other nutrients

Categories of Carbohydrates Sugars Starches

Refined Sugar Refined sugar can cause weight gain and dental problems

Benefits of Fiber Fiber helps move food through the digestive system

Protein People need protein because it repairs and builds tissues in the body

Amino Acids Amino acids are chemicals in protein

Complete vs. Incomplete Proteins Meat, fish, & poultry contain all 9 essential amino acids are said to have complete protein Other foods, such as dried beans & nuts, do not contain all 9 essential amino acids and are incomplete

Ways the Body Uses Fat To transport and store nutrients To regulate body temperature and growth As a reserve supply of energy

Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fat Saturated fat – found in animal foods and coconut & palm oils Unsaturated fat – found in oils from vegetables, nuts, seeds and is a liquid at room temperature

Problems from Excess Fat Weight gain Heart disease Other health problems

Function of Cholesterol Cholesterol transports and digests fat

High Cholesterol A high cholesterol level can lead to heart disease and high blood pressure

Functions of Water The basic material of blood Transports nutrients Carries away waste products Moves food through the digestive system Regulates body temperature

Water Every Day A person should drink 8 glasses of water EVERY day

Vitamins They help the body stay healthy and function properly They process other nutrients

Water-Soluble Vitamins Vitamin C & the B vitamins (they are not stored in the body and must be consumed every day)

Fat Soluble Vitamins Vitamins A,D,E, & K ( these are the vitamins stored in the body’s fat)

Minerals Minerals form part of many tissues They keep body processes operating smoothly

Lack of Calcium Results can be: weak bones Weak teeth osteoporosis

Iron Iron should be in the food that you eat, as it builds red blood cells Anemia results from a lack of iron

Minerals the Body Needs (besides calcium, phosphorus, & iron) Potassium Magnesium Zinc Iodine Sodium

Calories Calories are units of heat 4 calories are in a gram of protein (4 calories are in a gram of carbohydrates) 9 calories are in a gram of fat