Lipids 5.3

Lipids  Lipids include _______ and ___________  Characteristics:  ________________ (____________________)  Act as a _________________ that surrounds the _____________________________________  Help ______________________ from cell to cell  Store _______________________ in your body  Act as ______________________

Fats  ________________ (3- carbon backbone) attached to __________________ that have hydrocarbon chains  ____________, _______________, _________________  Saturated fat  Fat in which __________________________ contain the ___________ possible number of ____________________  _______________________________________  Ex. Lard and butter; _________ at room temperature  ________________  buildup leads to heart disease

Fats  Unsaturated Fat  A fat that contains ____________________ number of ______________ atoms in ________________ of the fatty acid chains  Bonding is different  Some of the carbons are ______________  Ex. Corn oil, olive oil, and other vegetable oils

Fats Is this fat saturated or unsaturated???

Steroids  A _________ that contains _________________ of the carbon skeleton  Ex: ___________________________________  How are there different types of steroids if they all have the 4 fused rings?  __________________________________ __________________________________

Steroids

 _______________________  Type of steroid  Found in ___________________________  Essential  Also needed as a _____________________ __________________________________  Although it is needed, high levels in the blood can lead to _________________________

Concept Check  What property do lipids share?  What are the parts of a fat molecule?  Describe two ways that steroids differ from fats.  What does the term unsaturated fat on a food label mean?

Proteins 5.4

Proteins  ______________ Perform Most Functions in Cells  _________________________  _____________________________________________  Proteins are ____________ made up of ________ types of _______________________________  The whole point of making DNA is to make _______________ (hair, muscle, skin, etc)  _____________________________

Proteins  Amino Acids  ______________________________________ ______________________________________  3 are the same in all amino acids:  ____________________  The only difference between amino acids is the _______________(_______________)  Each side group has a different function depending on the function of the amino acid  20 types

Proteins

 Building a Protein  Proteins are made by _____________________ ____________ called ____________________  Amino acids are linked together by ________________ through _____________________ reactions  _____________________ from between amino group of one amino acid and carboxyl group of the other amino acid  Most polypeptide chains are at least _______ amino acids in length  Lots of combinations of 20 amino acids to make many types of ______________ (like letters in alphabet form lots of different words)

Proteins  Protein Shape  Need ___________ in order to _____________ properly  Think yarn vs. finished sweater  ___________________: protein loses shape due to temperature/pH/environment  “____________________”  Causes _____________________

Concept Check  Give at least two examples of proteins you can "see" in the world around you. What are their functions?  Relate amino acids, polypeptides, and proteins.  Explain how heat can destroy a protein.  Which parts of an amino acid's structure are the same in all amino acids? Which part is unique?

Enzymes 5.5

Enzymes  _____________________:  __________________________________________ __________________________________________  Breaks bonds in molecule so that atoms can ____________  ___________ is a common way to provide activation energy but could destroy cells  Therefore, _____________ are used:  ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________  The main catalysts in organisms are called ___________  Enzymes don’t supply activation energy to reacting molecules.  They ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________

Enzymes

 How Enzymes Work:  _____________________________  Molecule that enzyme works on is called a _________________  Substrate fits like a “________” into the enzyme (“___________”)  Area where substrate binds is called the _________________  The bonds in the ______________ are ____________, and a reaction occurs  new products

Enzymes

Concept Check  Explain the role of activation energy in a reaction. How does an enzyme affect activation energy?  Describe how a substrate interacts with an enzyme.