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National Law 42/2004 Code of cultural heritage stating the “obligation to conservation” Regional law 08/05/2000 preserving fortified architecture in the region European ruling on cultural goods and crafts (more applicable in the case of art pieces such as paintings or sculptures) 14/10/2008 3

1 autonomous region 4 provinces 289 buildings or works counting castles, towers, fortified walls, houses and ruins Private owners, foundations, public properties, museums or historical-naturalistic heritage 14/10/2008 4

Since 1968, it gathers the owners of castles and other works in the region, such as towers, palaces, fortified houses, defensive walls or ruins to undertake joint action for their recovery, re-use and enhancement 14/10/2008 5

Strategic function in Roman period required defensive structures The same were used by the Lombards for the defence of the Duchy of Cividale Other castles built during the Saxon Empire to stop the incursions of the Hungarians ( d.C) New castles built by German families, forming the core of the Friulan feudality. Further fortifications during the period of the Patriarchs of Aquileia ( ) Several communities, (Venzone, Udine, Cividale, Monfalcone, Trieste) built their own fortifications Under Venetian domination no further fortification built, except the Fortress of Palmanova 14/10/2008 6

DUINO CASTLE (PRIVATE OWNERS) GORIZIA CASTLE (PUBLIC OWNER) MIRAMARE (MUSEUM AND CONFERENCE AREA) GORIZIA VILLA CORONINI-CRONBERG (FOUNDATION) 14/10/2008 7

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MIRAMARE – TRIESTE – CASTLE AND GARDEN Constructed in Miramar was the home of Archduke Maximilian of Habsburg – Commander of the Austrian Navy and his wife Charlotte The Museum is in the Duke and Duchess’s apartments, which have been largely preserved The park was not created to be a majestic garden representing the family’s position but for private enjoyment For botanic and garden magazines Visitors pay ticket to enter 14/10/2008 9

DUINO – TRIESTE - CASTLE German poet R. M. Rilke, who wrote his Duino Elegies first documented in 1363 with two fortresses built in the 11th century, originally a feudal holding of the Patriarch of Aquileia destroyed by the Turks in the 15th century 1508 passed to the Princes Thurn und Taxis (Torre e Tasso), whose heirs still reside in the castle Visitors pay ticket to enter Used for celebrations and picture taking, parties and conventions 14/10/

GORIZIA - CASTLE AND MUSEUM first mentioned in a document dated 28 April 1001, by which Emperor Otto III granted Gorizia to Patriarch Johannes II and to Count Verihen of Friuli. in 1500 It was taken over by Maximilian I Hapsburg. The new owner reinforced the castle but was not able to fend off the Venetian army, which occupied the castle in 1508 Entry ticket It hosts permanent and non exhibits Rental of terrace for parties and celebrations 14/10/

GORIZIA –VILLA CORONINI CRONBERG modifications to the garden were made by Count Alfredo Coronini towards the end of the 1800s and the beginning of the 1900s. Used for wedding celebrations, art exhibits, picture taking, botanic and gardening studies Visitors pay tickets to enter, guided visits allowed, rental possibility 14/10/

14/10/ To public Guided visits Concerts Festivals and re-enactment Museums and open collections To private uses Private parties Private conferences Ceremonies and weddings Conferences Art exhibits and private collections

Headquarters: Torre di Porta Aquileia piazzetta del Pozzo Udine tel fax Visits Service: tel fax /10/