LIPIDS

Objective: BIO.A.2.2.3: Compare and contrast the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in organisms. Objective: To describe the function of lipids inside living things Warmup: 1.) When a group of cells work together, such as in bones, muscles or nerves, they are known as. a. An organismc. A tissue b. An organ d. An organelle 2.) Sugars such as glucose, fructose and ribose are examples of. a. Nucleic acidsc. Lipids b. Carbohydratesd. proteins

 For the Love of LIPIDS - 12 min For the Love of LIPIDS - 12 min

Contain a ratio of: 1 carbon: hydrogen: oxygen (example: C 18 H 34 O 3 ) Lipids store the most energy of all the macromolecules. Do not dissolve easily in water, therefore are hydrophobic (water fearing)

Functions: 1) Long term energy storage – last to be broken down 2) Insulation – protects against heat loss 3) Protection against physical shock 4) Protection against water loss 5) Chemical messenger 6) Compose membranes

Examples: Fats Oils Waxes Phospholipids Steroid hormones Triglycerides

1. Triglycerides Made of 1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids

Fatty Acid Examples: Saturated – composed of single bonds and H  Solid at room temperature (ex. lard, butter)  Generally considered unhealthy and can lead to plaque build up within blood vessels. However, they are essential for building membranes and acting as chemical messengers.

Fatty Acid Examples: Unsaturated – composed of double bonds and H  Liquid at room temperature (ex. vegetable oil, olive oil)  Generally considered healthier

2. Phospholipids Form membranes in cells. Water “loving” Water “fearing”

3. Steroids Act as chemical messengers in cells Regulate metabolism (chemical reactions) in cells Control development of sex characteristics Examples: cholesterol cortisone estrogen testosterone

Sterol “ring” of carbon

1. Which of the following macromolecules is best represented by this diagram? A)Nucleic acid B)Protein C)Carbohydrate D)Lipid

2. Organic macromolecules called _____ are insoluble in water, are often found in biological membranes and other waterproof coverings, and have the ability to store energy for extended periods of time. A)Carbohydrates B)Lipids C)Proteins D)Nucleic acids

3. In which of the following are lipids found? A) In saturated and unsaturated fats. B) In biological membranes C) In some vitamins and steroids. D) All of these.

4. Identify the type of organic macromolecule shown below. A) Saturated fat B) Unsaturated fat C) Phospholipid D) Steroid