Characteristics of Life Growth and development Cellularity Reproduction Responsiveness Movement Require energy

Scientific method Observation Research Hypothesis: prediction. You are predicting the outcome of an experiment you are about to perform Experimentation: control vs experimental group – Independent vs dependent variable Collect data Analyze data Formulate a conclusion

Hypothesis vs theory Hypothesis: comes before the experiment – Prediction Theory: comes after SEVERAL experiments – Explanation Law: fact

Prokaryote: simple single celled organsims Have NO NUCLEUS DNA floats freely in the cell 2 Kingdoms Archaebacteria: live in EXTREME environments Eubacteria: live in normal environments

Eukaryote: single of multicelled Have a TRUE Nucleus 4 Kingdoms – Protista – Animal: organelle-cell-tissue-organ-system – Plant – Fungi

Animal and plant cell organelles

Biomolecules; Organic compounds; macromolecule; polymer Protein: amino acid Carbohydrate: simple sugar – Starch: plant energy storage – Glycogen: animal energy storage – Cellulose: builds cell walls Lipid: triglyceride: 3 fatty acid + glycerol – Fats and oils Saturated fat: Animal fat; solid at room temperature; have all single C-H bonds Unsaturated fat: plant; liquid at room temperature; have double carbon-hydrogen bonds – Wax – Steroid – Phospholipid: builds cell membrane Nucleic Acids: nucleotide – DNA and RNA

Replication: DNA-DNA Transcription: DNA-RNA Translation: RNA-protein Base pair rules A-T, C-G Or A-U if you are making RNA Structure of DNA: double helix – 2 strands of nucleotides: sugar phosphate backbone Nitrogen bases in the middle Structure of RNA: single strand

Structure of cell membrane or plasma membrane Phospholipid bilayer: 2 layers of phospholipids with proteins and cholesterol floating Passive transport: high to low concentration – NO ENERGY IS NEEDED – Simple diffusion – Facilitated diffusion – Osmosis Hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic Active transport: low to high concentration – Need energy (ATP)