Basic Methods for Water Treatment III. Water Treatment Topic III.1. Methods, Processes, Technologies and Units for Water Treatment They depend on the coarse water quality and the water use requirements. Basic Methods for Water Treatment Clarification For turbidity removal Decolourization For colour removal Organoleptic improvement For taste and smelt removal

Basic Methods for Water Treatment Water chemical content regulation For dissolved substances regulation (CO2, Fe+2, Mn-, HCO3-, Mg-, Cl-, F-, O2) Disinfection For bacteria removal Desalination For potable water production from sea water

Basic Processes for Water Treatment Precipitation For coarse suspended solids removal Clarification For fine suspended solids removal Filtration For fine suspended and colloidal particles removal Ultra-filtration/Inverted osmosis For sea water desalination For molecular screening Coagulation/Contact coagulation/Flocculation For colloidal impurities removal For send filtration enhancement

Basic Processes for Water Treatment Chlorination For disinfection For decolourization For organics removal For ammonia removal Chemical treatment For fine and colloidal particles removal For dissolved substances regulation Ion exchange For ion substances removal Aeration For dissolved oxygen supply and regulation Cooling For water temperature regulation

Basic Water Treatment Technologies Classification I. According to the degree of purification For deep purification For partial purification II. According to chemicals usage With reagent treatment Without reagent treatment III. According to technological stages One stage technological flowsheet (scheme) Two stages technological flowsheet (scheme)

Water Treatment Units Kinds I. For clarification Settlers (Settling tanks) Separators Clarifiers II. For screening Racks Macro-mash screens Micro-mash screens III. For filtration High rate send filters Low rate send filters Carbon filters Multi-layers filter

Water Treatment Units Kinds IV. For reagent treatment Reservoirs (premises, vessels) for reagents keeping Reservoirs (vessels) for reagents solution preparing Equipment for reagents dosing Mixing chambers for reagents and water Reactors Flocculation chambers Upflow sludge blanket clarifiers Contact (send) clarifiers High rate send filters

Water Treatment Units V. For disinfecting a) With chlorine Chlorine keeping vessels Chlorine dosing devices Chlorine regulation devices b) With ozone Ozone generators Ozone dozing equipment c) With ultraviolet rays Ultraviolet lamps Disinfecting reactors

Water Treatment Units VI. For water cooling Cooling towers Cooling basins VII. For sea water desalination Ultra-filtering/Inverted osmosis membranes Ultra-filtering/Inverted osmosis units

Basic Water Treatment Technological Schemes One Stage Technological Scheme without Reagent Treatment 1 - inlet distributing chamber; 2 - flow meter; 3 - preliminary (coarse send) filter; 4 - low rate send filter; reservoir for purified water; 6 - chlorination station

Basic Water Treatment Technological Schemes Two Stages Technological Scheme: Reagent Treatment with Settlers 1 - inlet distributing chamber; 2 - flow meter; 3 - reactor (for taste and smelt removal); 4 - chorizontal mixing chamber; 5 - reacting chamber (for flocculation); 6 - horizontal settler; 7 - high rate send filter; 8 - reservoir for purified water; 9 - vessels for preparing of carbon powder mixture; 10 - vessels for reagents; 11 - chlorination station

Basic Water Treatment Technological Schemes Two Stages Technological Scheme: Reagent Treatment with Upflow Sludge Blanket Clarifiers 1 - fine mesh-screens; 2 - inlet distribution chamber; 3 - flow meter; 4 - vertical mixing chamber; 5 - upflow sludge blanket clarifier; 6 - high rate send filter; 7 - reservoir for purified water; 8 - vessels for lime solution; 9 - vessels for coagulant solution; 10 - vessels for flocculant solution; 11 - chlorination station

Basic Water Treatment Technological Schemes Two Stages Technological Scheme: Reagent Treatment with Contact (Send) Clarifiers 1 - inflow distribution chamber; 2 - flow meter; 3 - fine-mesh screens; 4 - mechanical-mixing chamber; 5 - contact (send) clarifier; 6 - reservoir for purified water; 7 - vessels for coagulant solution; 8 - vessels for fluorine; 9 - chlorination station