Chicago Style

Bibliography O In an essay, you need to acknowledge where you discovered your ideas and information. A list of the research materials from which you have taken information and which you have cited in your paper will be placed on a separate page at the end of your essay.

Bibliography Do: Do not: O Include all of the sources you used in your essay O Arrange entries in alphabetical order using the author’s last name O Number your entries O Categorize your entries O Include works that you have not cited or read

Bibliography Castel, Albert. “The Fort Pillow Massacre: A Fresh Examination of the Evidence.” Civil War History 4, no. 1 (1958): Cimprich, John, and Robert C. Mainfort Jr., eds. “Fort Pillow Revisited: New Evidence about an Old Controversy.” Civil War History 28, no. 4 (1982): Cornish, Dudley Taylor. The Sable Arm: Black Troops in the Union Army, Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1987.Foote, Shelby. The Civil War, a Narrative: Red River to Appomattox. New York: Vintage, Forrest, Nathan Bedford. “Report of Maj. Gen. Nathan B. Forrest, C. S. Army, Commanding Cavalry, of the Capture of Fort Pillow.” Shotgun’s Home of the American Civil War. Accessed March 6, Hurst, Jack. Nathan Bedford Forrest: A Biography. New York: Knopf, 1993.McPherson,

Footnotes or Endnotes O You MUST document everything you borrow. O Footnotes or Endnotes indicate the specific source (book, page #, date, etc.) for each of the ideas you used O In general, you need to mention the author’s last name and the page you’ve taken the information from

Footnotes Examples: Fort Pillow, Tennessee, which sat on a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River, had been held by the Union for two years. It was garrisoned by 580 men, 292 of them from United States Colored Heavy and Light Artillery regiments, 285 from the white Thirteenth Tennessee Cavalry. Nathan Bedford Forrest commanded about 1,500 men.1 The Confederates attacked Fort Pillow on April 12, 1864, and had virtually surrounded the fort by the time Forrest arrived on the battlefield. At 3:30 p.m., Forrest demanded the surrender of the Union forces, sending in a message of the sort he had used before: “The conduct of the officers and men garrisoning Fort Pillow has been such as to entitle them to being treated as prisoners of war.... Should my demand be refused, I cannot be responsible for the fate of your command.”2 1. John Cimprich and Robert C. Mainfort Jr., eds., “Fort Pillow Revisited: New Evidence about an Old Controversy,” Civil War History 28, no. 4 (1982): Quoted in Brian Steel Wills, A Battle from the Start: The Life of Nathan Bedford Forrest (New York: HarperCollins, 1992), Ibid., 183.

Endnotes 1. John Cimprich and Robert C. Mainfort Jr., eds., “Fort Pillow Revisited: New Evidence about an Old Controversy,” Civil War History 28, no. 4 (1982): Quoted in Brian Steel Wills, A Battle from the Start: The Life of Nathan Bedford Forrest (New York: HarperCollins, 1992), Ibid., Shelby Foote, The Civil War, a Narrative: Red River to Appomattox (New York: Vintage, 1986), Nathan Bedford Forrest, “Report of Maj. Gen. Nathan B. Forrest, C. S. Army, Commanding Cavalry, of the Capture of Fort Pillow,” Shotgun’s Home of the American Civil War, accessed March 6, 2008, Jack Hurst, Nathan Bedford Forrest: A Biography (New York: Knopf, 1993), Foote, Cimprich and Mainfort, Ibid, 201.

For dates, use the day-month-year format: 15 July For months, abbreviate to three characters (Aug., Sep., etc.) except for May, June and July. The title for the list of sources is Works Cited (or Bibliography) without quotes or a colon. All entries must end with a period. Insert a blank line between entries but use single space within the entry. Omit titles such as “Dr.,”, “Professor,” “Mr.,” or “Mrs.” Use a citation maker website to do it for you. See the SMH website (library resources) for the link.