Chapter 14: The Realm of Islam

Muhammad Born in Mecca 570 CE 610 CE vision Monotheism Idolatry Ka’ba Hijra 622 Flight to Medina Umma Read Primary Source Document: Biography Why is this document significant? What implied or descriptive comparisons to other major religions do you see ?

Ka’ba

Islamic belief system Zoroastrianism Heaven or hell Christianity Monotheism Revere saints, church fathers Jesus – son of God Virgin birth Jesus crucified Affirmed resurrection Revelation through prophets Original sin Faith & works salvation Hell/heaven Humans do good & evil Zoroastrianism Heaven or hell One good god one evil god(monotheistic in definition) in constant battle Prayer 5 times daily Fire used in worship Salvation through good words, thoughts, deeds Humans do good and evil. Islam Monotheism – Allah Revere prophets, imams Jesus- prophet Virgin birth Jesus did not die, ascended Denied resurrection Revelation through Muhammad only Humans do good & evil Salvation through 5 pillars Paradise (eternal) or hell Prayer 5 times daily Source: diffen.com

Military expansion

Military Expansion & Rule Caliphate 632 - 662 Umayaad 662-750 Abbasid 750- 1258 Sultanate 1258-1299 Ottoman Empire 1299-1924 Keep in mind, that Muslims see a Caliphate as a government uniting them under one rule so some scholars see the caliphate as encompassing the years 632-1924.

Traditional sources of power & legitimacy Rise of the Caliphate Abu Bakr 632-634 Umar 634-644 Uthman 644-656 Mu'awiya 660 Umayyad Dynasty began

Use the comparison document to analyze each period. Umayyad Caliphate Abbasid Caliphate Years of rule Treatment of non-muslims Military expansion Type of laws Treatment of women Type of government Years of rule Treatment of non-muslims Military expansion Type of laws Treatment of women Type of government

The Abbasid Caliphate

Merchant expansion: When was it founded. What years was it prominent Merchant expansion: When was it founded? What years was it prominent? What is the city’s Islamic significance? What goods were primary trade items in this city? Why did it decline? Major merchant cities Timbuktu Mecca Medina Cordoba Baghdad Sukuk or sakk

Muslim Merchant communities in the Indian Ocean Region Go to the website below and check out what was happening in the Medieval era http://www.indianocean history.org

Missionary expansion Was it conversion by the sword or is this a myth propagated and spread by people with a particular bias?

Ibn Battuta Where did he go? How do we know? Primary sources The Marco Polo of the Islamic world

Dar al Islam (house of Islam) Refers to all geographic lands under the religious and political rule of Islam

Diffusion of literary, artistic, & cultural traditions in Subsaharan Africa The Hajj Subsaharan trade routes Inter-cultural transfer of knowledge

Diffusion of scientific & technological traditions Greek science & philosophy returned to W. Europe via Muslim al-Andalus in Iberia Baghdad as purveyor of learning House of Wisdom Ibn al haytham (Alhazen) – father of the modern scientific methodology

The spread of food and agricultural techniques Cotton, sugar, citrus throughout Dar-al-Islam & the Mediterranean Literature on crops Rapid growth of cities Paper manufacture The crusades 753-1307

Sunni Shia Split - what's that all about

State Synthesis (the influence of Persian traditions on Islamic states) The veil – hijab Sharia law Madrasas The Hajj/Ka’ba

Muslim Scholarship Sufi’s alGhazali Ibn al Haytham