Life in Africa Before the 1800s Africa had hundreds of ethnic & linguistic groups By 1870s 80% of African nations below the Sahara Desert were led by kings, tribal leaders, or chiefs These groups were getting along and co-existing…up to a point In early 1900s contact with Europeans grew as explorers went deeper into Africa to see what was out there All this “looking around” led to some countries wanting more…and imperialism begins!

IMPERIALISM in Africa

Definition What is imperialism? When a stronger nation takes over a weaker nation…and gets?? WHEN:

What does this cartoon show? What is it trying to say?

Our Questions… Why would Europeans want to imperialize Africa? What was this like for some countries in Africa?

Reading Time! Put all extra books, binders, bags in the back of the room Set up stations 3 minutes per station

Grab highlighters As we review what was read, highlight the facts you wrote that are the same as in the powerpoint Write in any facts you missed

WHY #1 Political/Military - GLORY There was a need for steam-powered merchant ships and bases…so take what you can anywhere Must stop rival countries like France and Great Britain from becoming too powerful It’s all about the GLORY of taking others and gaining respect!

WHY #2 Religious – GOD Missionaries were sent to convert the peoples of Africa to Christianity…GOD European rule was the best way to save the animal people of Africa…“they need to be fixed…no more savages” Wanted to civilize (westernize) the people of foreign lands Positive: these groups help make schools, hospitals, roads, and dams

WHY #3 Economic – GOLD Europeans needed African resources and raw materials to make their products Copper, tin, gold, diamonds, peanuts, palm oil, cocoa, & rubber were vital for European wealth and profit for all including Africans Problem: created less farms for food and more for the goods others needed GOLD = taking the resources from the country and making more $ for your country

WHY #4 SOCIAL DARWINISM - A Social Belief Evolution & Survival of the Fittest…those who were fittest for survival enjoyed wealth & success, superior to others Non-Europeans – lower scale of cultural & physical development Westerners had a right & duty to bring progress to other countries because they were the best/fittest

CECIL RHODES “I contend that we (Britons) are the first race in the world, and the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race… It is our duty to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory… that more territory simply means more of the Anglo-Saxon (white) race, more of the best …” What is Mr. Rhodes talking about? Could this be racism?

King Leopold Wanted the resources in Congo Used the idea of exploring to take from the natives Treated the natives as slaves, whipping, punishing, raping anyone not working hard enough

Leopold’s Treatment

Let’s Play a Game!! Create groups of three or four Read the directions with me on your game sheet Play, play, play…win as much land as you can!!! Winners will get extra credit points so keep track carefully HOW does this game connect to real life?

BERLIN CONFERENCE European competition for African colonies was fierce so in they met to discuss Conference of 14 European nation in Berlin, Germany to lay down rules for the division of Africa Any European nation could claim land in Africa by notifying other nations of its claims & showing it could control the area No African leader invited to attend, no thoughts about African groups and how they might feel about being controlled/taken over By 1914, only Liberia & Ethiopia remained free from European control

Colonization of Africa (before and after others take over)

Impact of Imperialism Looking at the following pictures, we need to create a list of positive and negative effects of imperialism

Impact of Imperialism What are the positive and negative effects of imperialism? –With a partner or your group discuss your list of effects from your handout –Add anything from your partner(s) to your list –Together write an E (Europe), A (Africa), or B (both) after each effect depending on who is connected to it

Picture Time Grab an index card and jot down your reactions to each picture (just make a list). Now GET UP and walk around!!

Positive/Negatives Team lists Review together

Who is the winner!?! Let’s compare our lists EXIT TICKET – on the back of your index card, answer the following questions: –What are four reasons Europeans imperialized Africa? –What is one positive and one negative effect of this imperialism in Africa?

HOMEWORK Grab a reading called “That Was No Brother” Read it and answer the questions in full sentences…can be done on lined paper

STOP

Exit Ticket (index card) Give 3 reasons why Europeans imperialized Africa Name 2 African nations never imperialized List 1 effect of imperialism in Africa (positive or negative)